No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Contesting Master Narratives: Renderings of National History by Mainland China and Taiwan
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 February 2023
Abstract
The growing tension between mainland China and Taiwan has a cultural aspect closely related to national identity. We focus on recent history curriculum changes in the mainland and in Taiwan and find that education authorities on both sides have implemented master narratives for content selection in and organization of history textbooks. In mainland China, the master narrative of pluralist unity constructs a geographically consistent Chinese nation throughout history, which bolsters the state's current claim to a territorial integrity including Taiwan. In Taiwan, the master narrative of multiculturalism becomes the essence of Taiwanese identity, and weakens Sinocentrism in Taiwanese official historiography.
摘要
在文化层面，中国大陆和台湾日益紧张的关系与国家认同密切相关。本文关注大陆和台湾历史课纲最新的变化，发现两岸教育主管部门在历史教科书的内容选择和组织上都贯彻了主导叙事。在中国大陆的历史教科书中，“多元一体”的主导叙事构建了一个在历史上具有地理一致性的中华民族，这支持了中国政府目前对包括台湾在内的领土完整的主张。在台湾的历史教科书中，“多元文化主义”的主导叙事成为台湾人认同的核心要素，削弱了台湾官方史学中的中国中心主义。
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of SOAS University of London
References
Anderson, Benedict. 2006 [1983]. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Callahan, William A. 2006. “History, identity, and security: producing and consuming nationalism in China.” Critical Asian Studies 38 (2), 179–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, Mau-kuei, Chin, Shih-ch'i and Yang, Hsiu-chin. 2022. “The reorientation of history teaching in Taiwan's 12-year Basic Education.” In Schubert, Gunter and Lee, Chun-yi (eds.), Taiwan During the First Administration of Tsai Ing-wen: Navigating in Stormy Waters. London: Routledge, 180–208.Google Scholar
Cheng, Isabelle, and Fell, Dafydd. 2014. “The change of ruling parties and Taiwan's claim to multiculturalism before and after 2008.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 43 (3), 71–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coble, Parks M. 2007. “China's ‘new remembering’ of the Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, 1937–1945.” The China Quarterly 190, 394–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doughty, Jonathan. 2009. “Maintaining a Chinese nationalism: patriotic education, second-hand rose and the politics of ‘national conditions’.” Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 9 (2), 198–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DPP (Democratic Progressive Party of Taiwan). 1993. Duoyuan ronghe de zuqun guanxi yu wenhua (Diversity and Integration of Ethnic Relations and Culture). Taipei: Central Party Headquarters of the Democratic Progressive Party.Google Scholar
Fei, Xiaotong. 1999. Zhonghua minzu duoyuan yiti geju (The Pluralist Unity of the Chinese Nation). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Gu, Xiang. 2021. “Nanjing Massacre in Chinese and Japanese history textbooks: transitivity and appraisal.” Critical Discourse Studies 19 (4), 1–17.Google Scholar
Heylen, Ann. 2010. “The transnational in Taiwan history: a preliminary exploration.” Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 36 (1), 9–33.Google Scholar
Huang, Zhengjie. 2020. “Ping kegang yanxiu shenyi de zhengzhixing” (Politics of curriculum research and deliberation). Taiwan jiaoyupinglun yuekan 9 (1), 1–7.Google Scholar
Hung, Cheng-Yu. 2016. “Ambiguity as deliberate strategy: the ‘de-politicized’ discourse of national identity in the Taiwanese citizenship curriculum.” Critical Studies in Education 57 (3), 394–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Alisa. 2005. “Changing the past to serve the present: history education in mainland China.” In Vickers, Edward and Jones, Alisa (eds.), History Education and National Identity in East Asia, New York: Routledge, 65–100.Google Scholar
Kwok, Ka-ho. 2017. When Education Meets Politics in Taiwan: A Game Theory Perspective (1994–2016). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lai, Hongyi. 2009. “China's ethnic policies and challenges.” East Asian Policy 1 (2), 5–13.Google Scholar
Liu, Chuyu, and Ma, Xiao. 2018. “Popular threats and nationalistic propaganda: political logic of China's patriotic campaign.” Security Studies 27 (4), 633–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Mei-hui, Hung, Li-ching and Vickers, Edward. 2005. “Identity issues in Taiwan's history curriculum.” In Vickers, Edward and Jones, Alisa (eds.), History Education and National Identity in East Asia, New York: Routledge, 101–131.Google Scholar
Lu, Zhaojin. 2017. “The changing definition of China in middle school history textbooks.” Nations and Nationalism 23 (3), 571–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyu, Zhaojin. 2021. “Reconfiguring China: an analysis of history textbooks in the Republic of China (1912–1949).” Asia Pacific Journal of Education. DOI: 10.1080/02188791.2021.1902275.Google Scholar
Megill, Allan. 1995. “‘Grand narrative’ and the discipline of history.” In Ankersmit, Frank and Kellner, Hans (eds.), A New Philosophy of History, London: Reaktion Books, 151–173.Google Scholar
Rigger, Shelley. 2018. “Has China's Taiwan policy failed? And if so, what next?” In Sullivan, Jonathan and Lee, Chun-Yi (eds.), A New Era in Democratic Taiwan. London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315161648-8.Google Scholar
Schreer, Benjamin. 2017. “The double-edged sword of coercion: cross-Strait relations after the 2016 Taiwan Elections.” Asian Politics & Policy 9, 50–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solt, Frederick. 2011. “Diversionary nationalism: economic inequality and the formation of national pride.” Journal of Politics 73 (3), 821–830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stolojan, Vladimir. 2017. “Curriculum reform and the teaching of history in high schools during the Ma Ying-jeou presidency.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 46 (1), 101–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Yan. 2019. “Debating ethnic governance in China.” Journal of Contemporary China 28 (115), 118–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sung, Pei-Fen. 2020. “Historical consciousness matters: national identity, historical thinking and the struggle for a democratic education in Taiwan.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 52 (5), 685–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sung, Pei-Fen, and Chen, Chun-Chieh. 2015. “The narrative changes of Chinese history in junior high school textbooks (1952–2008).” Journal of Textbook Research 8 (1), 1–31.Google Scholar
Vickers, Edward. 2007. “Museums and nationalism in contemporary China.” Compare 37(3), 365–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vickers, Edward. 2021. “Smothering diversity: patriotism in China's school curriculum under Xi Jinping.” Journal of Genocide Research. DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1968142.Google Scholar
Vickers, Edward. 2022. “Towards national socialism with Chinese characteristics?” In Tröhler, Daniel, Piattoeva, Nelli and Pinar, William F. (eds.), World Yearbook of Education 2022. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003137801-5Google Scholar
Wang, Li-jung. 2004. “Multiculturalism in Taiwan: contradictions and challenges in cultural policy.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 10 (3), 301–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Zheng. 2008. “National humiliation, history education, and the politics of historical memory: Patriotic Education Campaign in China.” International Studies Quarterly 52 (4), 783–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R. Scott. 2009. “Making Hakka spaces: resisting multicultural nationalism in Taiwan.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 16 (4), 414–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Meiyao. 2017. “Moral education and the aboriginal peoples of Taiwan: from Sino-centrism to the ethic of multiculturalism.” Journal of Moral Education 46 (1), 69–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Xiaogang, and Song, Xi. 2014. “Ethnic stratification amid China's economic transition: evidence from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.” Social Science Research 44, 158–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, Shuqin. 2021. “Ideology and politics in junior-secondary Chinese history textbooks: comparing two versions published in the 21st century.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 51 (3), 448–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, Fei, and Vickers, Edward. 2019. “Portraying ‘minorities’ in Chinese history textbooks of the 1990s and 2000s: the advance and retreat of ethnocultural inclusivity.” Asia Pacific Journal of Education 39 (2), 190–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, Fei, Zhong, Zhou, Wang, Haoning and Wen, Qiao. 2021. “Grafting identity: history textbook reform and identity-building in contemporary China.” Journal of Educational Change 22, 175–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan. 2021. The Great Exodus from China Trauma, Memory, and Identity in Modern Taiwan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Yee, Herbert S. 2003. “Ethnic relations in Xinjiang: a survey of Uygur–Han relations in Urumqi.” Journal of Contemporary China 12 (36), 431–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeh, Hsin-yi. 2016. “Using an awakening narrative to leave behind a former national identity: an investigation of the conversion of national identity in Taiwan.” Nations and Nationalism 22 (3), 542–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, Miin-ling. 2013. “From two camps to three worlds: the Party worldview in PRC textbooks (1949–1966).” China Quarterly 215, 682–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zang, Xiaowei. 2010. “Affirmative action, economic reforms, and Han–Uyghur variation in job attainment in the state sector in Urumchi.” China Quarterly 202, 344–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Shaoying, and McGhee, Derek. 2014. Social Policies and Ethnic Conflict in China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Suisheng. 2004. Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Taotao, and Tok, Sow Keat. 2021. “From academic discourse to political decisions? The case of the Xinjiang ethnic unity education textbook reform.” China Quarterly 245, 165–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar