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Mao's “Cultural Revolution”: Origin and Development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Philip Bridgham
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Extract

Mao Tse-Tung utilised the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution to lecture delegates attending the Moscow Communist Party Conference on the correct method for dealing with erring comrades. Mao appeared to be offering his formula “unity-criticismunity” to other Bloc parties as a substitute for the violence and terror inherent in Stalin's periodic purging of the Soviet party. At the same time, Mao appeared to be giving assurances that Stalin's errors connected with the “cult of personality” could not possibly develop within the Chinese party.

Type
Recent Developments
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 29 , January 1967 , pp. 1 - 35
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1967

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References

1 Kung-tso T'ung-hsun (Bulletin of Activities), No. 13 (03 20, 1961), p. 6Google Scholar.

2 For a good discussion of this and other parallels between Mao and Stalin, see ArthurCohen, A., “Mao: the Man and His Policies,” Problems of Communism, 09–10 1966Google Scholar.

3 See Charles, David A., “The Dismissal of Marshal P'eng Teh-huai,” The China Quarterly, No. 8 (10–12 1961)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4 The Kao Kang-Jao Shu-shih “anti-party alliance,” it will be recalled, was direeted at Mao's subordinates, Liu Shao-ch'i and Chou En-lai.

5 Piao, Lin “March Ahead under the Red Flag of the Party's General Line and Mao Tse-tung's Military Thought,” Jen-min Jih-pao (People's Daily), 09 31, 1959Google Scholar.

6 See Lan-t'ao, Liu “The Chinese Communist Party is the Supreme Commander in Building Socialism,” People's Daily, 09 28, 1959Google Scholar.

7 Bulletin of Activities, No. 1, 01 1, 1961, p. 7Google Scholar.

8 Ibid. No. 6, January 27, 1961, p. 15.

9 Ibid. No. 19, May 13, 1961, pp. 12–13.

10 ibid. No. 3, January 7, 1961, pp. 1–33.

11 Ibid.

12 Ibid.

13 See Chu, Kao “Open Fire at the Black Anti-Party and Anti-Socialist Line,” Kwang-ming Jih-pao (Kwang-ming Daily), 05 8, 1966Google Scholar.

14 “Teng To's ‘Evening Chats at Yenshan’ is Anti-Party and Anti-Socialist Doubletalk,” Kwang-ming Daily, May 8, 1966. For a good discussion of intellectual dissidence in China at this time, see Gelman, Harry “Mao and the Permanent Purge,” Problems of Communism, 11–12 1966Google Scholar.

15 New China News Agency (NCNA), July 30, 1966.

16 Yao-pang, Hu “Strive to Revolutionise the Youth of Our Country,” People's Daily, 07 7, 1964Google Scholar.

17 See editorial in Hung Ch'i (Red Flag), No. 11 (08 21, 1966)Google ScholarPubMed.

18 NCNA, June 6, 1966.

19 See for example, the article by Jui-ch'ing, Lo “Learn from Lei Feng,” in Chung-kuo Ch'ing-nien (China Youth), 03 2, 1963Google Scholar.

20 For a description of the role of the Poor and Lower Middle Peaseant Associations, see P'ing-hua, Chang “We Must Rely on poor and Lower Middle Peasants,” People's daily, 11 2. 1964Google Scholar.

21 Quoted in Commentator article, “Political Work is the Lifeline of All Work,” Red Flag, March 31, 1964.

22 Article by the editorial departments of People's Daily and Red Flag, July 14, 1964.

23 NCNA, June 6, 1966.

24 Interview with Snow, Edgar, January 1965: Washington Post, 02 14, 1965Google Scholar.

25 Shu-ken, Yang “Give a Prominent Place to Politics and Pay Close Attention to Upholding the ‘Four Firsts’,” Ta Kung Pao, 03 27, 1965Google Scholar.

26 People's Daily, May 18, 1965.

27 See, for example, the editorial “Link Labour and Leisure,” in People's Daily, June 21, 1965.

28 NCNA, June 6, 1966.

29 The Washington Star, August 31, 1986.

30 Pen-yu, Chi “On the Bourgeois Stand of Frontline and the Peking Daily,” Red Flag, No. 7, 03 11, 1966Google Scholar.

31 NCNA, November 26, 1965.

32 See, for example, the Central-South Bureau directive for this campaign in Yang-cheng Wan-Pao (Canton Evening News), February 1, 1966.

33 This letter was featured prominently in People's Daily, June 19, 1966.

34 Editorial entitled “Thoroughly Criticise and Repudiate the Revisionist Line of Some of the Principal Leading Members of the Former Peking Municipal Party Committee” in Red Flag, No. 9, 07 3, 1966Google Scholar.

35 The Washington Post, September 25, 1966.

36 For a lengthy summary of Liu Shao-ch'i's, Madame confession, see The Washington Post, 12 28, 1966Google Scholar.

37 This analysis, a development of Hannah Arendt's concept of “gratuitous terror,” is taken from an unpublished manuscript by Kecskemeti, Paul entitled “The Future of Totalitarianism,” 03 1964Google Scholar.

38 NCNA, November 3, 1966.