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Inside and Outside Nazi Germany New Books by Gerhard L. Weinberg and Helmut Heiber

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2008

Michael H. Kater
Michael H. Kater
Affiliation:
York University Toronto
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Type
Review-Article
Information
Central European History , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , June 1994 , pp. 219 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © Conference Group for Central European History of the American Historical Association 1994

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References

1. See Weinberg, Gerhard L., The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany: Diplomatic Revolution in Europe, 1933–1936 (Chicago, 1970);Google Scholaridem, The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany: Starting World War II, 1937–1939 (Chicago, 1980).Google Scholar

2. See only Gruchmann, Lothar, Der Zweite Weltkrieg: Kriegführung und Politik (Munich, 1967).Google Scholar

3. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 38, 45, 89, 171. The conventional view of small, restricted war is still upheld by historians such as Overy, Richard J., in his coterminously published study War and Economy in the Third Reich (Oxford, 1994), 25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 50.

5. Ibid., e.g. 127, 444, 615.

6. Ibid., 70, 86–87, 170 205, 250. Also see idem, “Hitler's Image of the United States,” American Historical Review 69 (1965): 1006–21;Google Scholaridem, “Germany's Declaration of War on the United States: A New Look”, in Germany and America: Essays on Problems of International Relations and Immigration, ed. Trefousse, Hans L. (New York, 1980), 54–70;Google Scholaridem, “From Confrontation to Cooperation: Germany and the United States, 1933–1949,” in America and the Germans: An Assessment of a Three-Hundred-Year History, vol. 2, ed. Trommler, Frank and McVeigh, Joseph (Philadelphia, 1985), 45–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

7. See Davies, Norman, “The Misunderstood War,” New York Review of Books (9 06 1994): 20–24.Google Scholar

8. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 609.

9. Ibid., 75, 103, 210.

10. Ibid., 72–73, 119, 395–96.

11. Ibid., 120, 219.

12. Ibid., 45–46.

13. Feldman, Gerald D., “But How Were Germans Victims of Nazi Aggression?” Los Angeles Times, 12 06 1994.Google Scholar

14. Studies in this sensitive area are ongoing. So far, see Steinert, Marlis G., Hitlers Krieg und die Deutschen: Stimmung und Haltung der deutschen Bevölkerung im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Düsseldorf and Vienna, 1970);Google ScholarKershaw, Ian, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich: Bavaria 1933–1945 (Oxford, 1983);Google Scholaridem, The “Hitler Myth”: Image and Reality in the Third Reich (Oxford, 1987);Google ScholarPeukert, Detlev J. K., Inside Nazi Germany: Conformity, Opposition and Racism in Everyday Life (London, 1982);Google ScholarKater, Michael H., The Nazi Party: A Social Profile of Members and Leaders, 1919–1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1983);Google ScholarGellately, Robert, The Gestapo and German Society: Enforcing Racial Policy 1933–1945 (Oxford, 1991).Google Scholar

15. Furtwängler, Wilhelm, Notebooks 1924–1954, ed. Tanner, Michael (London and New York, 1989) 155.Google Scholar

16. Streit, Christian, Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen 1941–1945 (Stuttgart, 1978).Google Scholar Also see Krausnick, Helmut and Wilhelm, Hans Heinrich, Die Truppe des Wealtanschauungskrieges: Die Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD 1938–1942 (Stuttgart, 1981).Google Scholar

17. Bartov, Omer, Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich (Oxford, 1991).Google Scholar

18. Weinberg, World at Arms, 229, 302 (quotation).

19. Under my supervision, William Wiley, a doctoral student at York University, is presently writing a thesis on hitherto unknown war crimes committed by members of the Wehrmacht.

20. Weinberg, World at Arms, 431. But see Stephenson, Jill, “Triangle: Foreign Workers, Nazi Civilians, and the Nazi Regime: War and Society in Württemberg, 1939–45,” German Studies Review 15 (1992): 339–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

21. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 466. See Kater, Michael H., Doctors under Hitler (Chapel Hill and London, 1989), 51.Google Scholar

22. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 472.

23. Schmuhl, Hans-Walter, Rassenhygiene, Nationalsozialismus, Euthanasie: Von der Verhütung zur Vernichtung “lebensunwerten Lebens,” 1890–1945 (Göttingen, 1987), 200, 228–29.Google Scholar The exception concerned 284 elderly, “partially bedridden” people from Arensburg, who, in August 1943, were killed in Neuruppin (Ibid., 235).

24. Sachsse, Christoph and Tennstedt, Florian, Der Wohlfahrtsstaat im Nationalsozialismus (Stuttgart, 1992), 184.Google Scholar

25. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 480–81.

26. Schmuhl, Rassenhygiene; Proctor, Robert N., Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 177–222;Google ScholarLifton, Robert J., The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide (New York, 1986), 21–144.Google Scholar

27. Adam, Uwe Dietrich, Judenpolitik im Dritten Reich (Königstein and Düsseldorf, 1979), 329–30.Google Scholar

28. One of the few Christian sects that collaborated with Nazi authorities were the Adventists. See Blaich, Roland, “Religion under National Socialism: The case of the German Adventist Church,” Central European History 26 (1993): 255–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar On the “swing youth,” see my Different Drummers: Jazz in the Culture of Nazi Germany (New York, 1992), 153–62. 190–94.Google Scholar

29. Weinberg, A World at Arms, 479. But see Kater, The Nazi Party, 213–33; idem, “Zum gegenseitigen Verhältnis von SA und SS in der Sozialgeschichte des Nationalsozialismus von 1925 bis 1939,” Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 62 (1975): 339–79.Google Scholar

30. Heiber, Helmut, Der Professor im Dritten Reich: Bilder aus der akademischen Provinz (Munich, 1991);Google Scholaridem, Die Kapitulation der Hohen Schulen: Das Jahr 1933 und seine Themen, vol. 1 (Munich, 1992).Google Scholar See my review in Germany History 11 (1993): 416–18.Google Scholar

31. See the examples of Weigel, Rudolf, Schitthenner, Paul, and Heyse, Hans in Heiber, , Die Kapitulation, 85–86, 311–12, 326–27.Google Scholar

32. Ibid., 619.

33. What could well be the longest (166 words) and most convoluted sentence in the book is ibid., 156.

34. Ibid., 438, 598, 73 (vita of Rudolf Weigel).

35. See his remarks about proverbial Austrian engineers (ibid., 102), Königsberg as home of bears and wolves (ibid., 314), Gauleiter speaking as quasi-professor (Ibid., 417).

36. As in n. 30; Karl Otmar Freiherr von Aretin, “Neue Möglichkeiten des Intrigenspiels: Helmut Heibers Buch über die Professoren im Dritten Reich,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 5 November 1991; idem, “Ein Wust von Histörchen: Universität unterm Hakenkreuz,” Teil 2, ibid., (26 November 1992); Iggers, George G., “The German Professors in the Third Reich,” Central European History 25 (1992): 445–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

37. Those two specific examples in Heiber, , Die Kapitulation, vol. 2, 30, 141.Google Scholar

38. Iggers, “German Professors,” 446.

39. Heiber, , Die Kapitulation, vol. 2, 155, 732–36.Google Scholar

40. Conquest, Robert, “Reds,” New York Review of Books (14 07 1994): 3.Google Scholar

41. Statement regarding “court jester Rosenberg” in Heiber, Die Kapitulation, 35.

42. Ibid., 167.

43. Ibid., 215–32.

44. Ibid., 554.

45. Ibid., 123, 154, 238, 491, 643, 735.

46. Examples ibid., 20, 26, 69, 344.

47. Among others, the following titles remain unmentioned, some of them predating 1991: Becker, Heinrich et al. , eds., Die Universität Göttingen unter dem Nationalsozialismus (Munich, 1987);Google ScholarWalker, Mark, German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power, 1939–1949 (Cambridge, 1989);CrossRefGoogle ScholarMacrakis, Kristie, Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany (New York, 1993).Google Scholar

48. Noakes, Jeremy, “The Ivory Tower Under Siege: German Universities in the Third Reich,” Journal of European Studies 23 (1993), 371–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar