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The prevalence of abnormal spirometry in children with CHD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2023

Geena Y. Zhou Open the ORCID record for Geena Y. Zhou [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniel Cerrone ,
Katherine Lewinter ,
Imran Masood ,
Jon Detterich ,
Sasha Singh ,
Payal Shah ,
Thomas Keens ,
Arash Sabati Open the ORCID record for Arash Sabati [Opens in a new window]  and
Roberta Kato
Geena Y. Zhou
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Daniel Cerrone
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Katherine Lewinter
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Imran Masood
Affiliation:
Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Jon Detterich
Affiliation:
Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Sasha Singh
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Payal Shah
Affiliation:
Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Thomas Keens
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Arash Sabati
Affiliation:
Division of Cardiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Roberta Kato*
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Roberta Kato, MD, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Tel: +1 323 361 2101. E-mail: rkato@chla.usc.edu
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Abstract

Background:

The burden of pulmonary disease in children with CHD remains under-recognised. Studies have examined children with single ventricle and two ventricle heart disease and documented a decreased forced vital capacity. Our study sought to further explore the pulmonary function of children with CHD.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed of spirometry in CHD patients over a 3-year period. Spirometry data were corrected for size, age, and gender and analysed using z-scores.

Results:

The spirometry of 260 patients was analysed. About 31% had single ventricle (n = 80, 13.6 years (interquartile range 11.5-16.8)) and 69% had two ventricle circulation (n = 180, 14.4 years (interquartile range 12.0-17.3)). Single ventricle patients were found to have a lower median forced vital capacity z-score compared to two ventricle patients (p = 0.0133). The prevalence of an abnormal forced vital capacity was 41% in single ventricle patients and 29% in two ventricle patients. Two ventricle patients with tetralogy of Fallot and truncus arteriosus had similar low forced vital capacity comparable to single ventricle patients. The number of cardiac surgeries predicted an abnormal forced vital capacity in two ventricle patients except tetralogy of Fallot patients.

Conclusion:

Pulmonary morbidity in patients with CHD is common with a decreased forced vital capacity noted in single ventricle and two ventricle patients. Forced vital capacity is lower in patients with single ventricle circulation; however, two ventricle patients with tetralogy of Fallot or truncus arteriosus have similar lung function in comparison to the single ventricle group. The number of surgical interventions was predictive of forced vital capacity z-score in some but not all two ventricle patients and not predictive in single ventricle patients suggesting a multifactorial to pulmonary disease in children with CHD.

Keywords

CHDlung functiontetralogy of Fallotventricle
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 33 , Issue 12 , December 2023 , pp. 2548 - 2552
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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