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Human Tonotopic Maps and their Rapid Task-Related Changes Studied by Magnetic Source Imaging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Isamu Ozaki  and
Isao Hashimoto
Isamu Ozaki
Affiliation:
Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori
Isao Hashimoto
Affiliation:
Human Information Systems Laboratory, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract

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A brief review of previous studies is presented on tonotopic organization of primary auditory cortex (AI) in humans. Based on the place theory for pitch perception, in which place information from the cochlea is used to derive pitch, a well-organized layout of tonotopic map is likely in human AI. The conventional view of tonotopy in human AI is a layout inwhich the medial-to-lateral portion of Heschl's gyrus represents high-to-low frequency tones. However, we have shown that the equivalent current dipole (BCD) in auditory evoked magnetic fields in the rising phase of N100m response dynamically moves along the long axis of Heschl's gyrus. Based on analyses of the current sources for high-pitched and low-pitched tones in the right and left hemispheres, we propose an alternative tonotopic map in human AI. In the right AI, isofrequency bands for each tone frequency are parallell to the first transverse sulcus; on the other hand, the layout for tonotopy in the left AI seems poorly organized. The validity of single dipole modelling in the calculation of a moving source and the discrepancy as to tonotopic maps in the results between auditory evoked fields or intracerebral recordings and neuroimaging studies also are discussed. The difference in the layout of isofrequency bands between the right and left auditory cortices may reflect distinct functional roles in auditory information processing such as pitch versus phonetic analysis.

Résumé:

RÉSUMÉ:

Nous présentons une brève revue des études antérieures sur l'organisation tonotopique du cortex auditif primaire (A1) chez l'humain. Sur la base de la théorie du lieu de perception de la hauteur tonale, selon laquelle l'information sur le lieu provenant de la cochlée est utilisée pour inférer la hauteur tonale, il est probable qu'il existe un schéma bien organisé de carte tonotopique dans le A1 humain. La conception conventionnelle de la tonotopie dans le A1 humain est un schéma dans lequel la portion médiale à latérale du gyrus de Heschl représente les tonalités des fréquences de hautes à basses. Cependant, nous avons démontré que le dipôle de courant équivalent dans les champs magnétiques évoqués auditifs dans la phase ascendante de la réponse des ondes N100m se déplace dynamiquement le long du grand axe du gyrus de Heschl. Selon les analyses des sources de courant des hautes tonalités et des basses tonalités dans l'hémisphère droit et dans l'hémisphère gauche, nous proposons une carte tonotopique alternative du A1 humain. Dans le A1 droit, les bandes d'isofréquence pour chaque fréquence tonale sont parallèles au premier sillon transverse; d'autre part, le schéma tonotopique dans l'A1 gauche semble peu organisé. Nous discutons également de la validité de la modélisation au moyen d'un seul dipôle pour le calcul d'une source en mouvement et de la discordance entre les cartes tonotopiques quant aux résultats des champs évoqués auditifs ou des enregistrements cérébraux et des études de neuroimagerie. La différence entre le schéma des bandes d'isofréquence des cortex auditifs droit et gauche pourrait refléter des rôles fonctionnels distincts dans le traitement de l'information auditive comme la hauteur tonale par opposition à l'analyse phonétique.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , May 2007 , pp. 146 - 153
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2007

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