The supposedly cosmopolitan species Nomophila noctuella (Denis and Schiffermüller) is shown to be one of a complex of 12 distinct species, some sympatric, some allopatric, and none ranging over more than three continents. N. noctuella itself has the widest range, extending through most of the Palaearctic and Ethiopian regions, including Madagascar, and into tropical Asia as far as India and Pulo Laut. It also occurs adventively in Hawaii. Two additional endemic species, N. africana n. sp. and N. brevispinalis n. sp., occur in Africa; the Australian species, N. australica n. sp., is endemic but occurs, probably adventively, on Christmas Island. The North American species, N. nearctica n. sp., is distinct from N. noctuella, but, like it, is a migrant and ranges south to northern tropical America. There are six endemic species in South America: N. colombiana n. sp., Colombia; N. heterospila (Meyrick), Andes, transferred from Macronomeutis, which falls as a synonym of Nomophila; N. helvolalis (Maassen), Andes; N. distinctalis n. sp., Peru, Bolivia, and Chile; N. indistinctalis (Walker), central and southern South America; and N. triticalis Berg, Argentina and Paraguay, to which N. squalidalis (Hampson) falls as a synonym. N. incognita Viette, known from a single female from Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean, is a good species.

The genus Taoia and two new species, Taoia exotica from Alnus nepalensis D. Don. and Callaphis nepalensis from Juglans regia L., are described. Descriptions of Chromaphis hirsutustibis Kumar & Lavigne and of Tinocalloides montanus Basu are also given, together with keys to the so far known species of Taoia, Callaphis, and Chromaphis. Tuberdefectus eastopi Kumar & Lavigne is established as a synonym of T. montanus. The taxonomic position of these aphids is discussed.

The egg and five nymphal instars of Zelus socius Uhler are described and illustrated. The eggs are elongate-oval, 1.39 mm high and 0.53 mm in diameter (mean values). The mean lengths of nymphs are 2.45, 3.47, 5.64, 7.56, and 10.49 mm in the five stages, respectively. The developmental period for eggs averaged 9.0 days and the nymphal development averaged 52.6 days. There is one generation a year.

Cameraria macrocarpae Freeman is a univoltine blotch miner which feeds on the palisade parenchyma of bur oak leaves. The larvae have two morphologically distinct forms and seven instars. It overwinters in the sixth instar, inside the mined leaf. Females deposit their eggs in rows, usually beside the mid-rib, and the larvae enter the leaf directly under the chorion. The larvae from each egg cluster form a common mine on the upper surface of the leaf. The mines of C. macrocarpae are brownish and each contains several larvae, differing from the whitish mines of Cameraria hamadryadella (Clemens), each containing a single larva. Nine species of parasites are listed.

The larva of Ixodes cookei Packard, a common ixodid tick in eastern North America, is described. The description is based on specimens hatched from eggs in the laboratory. The eggs were from females collected from groundhogs (Marmota monax Erxleben) trapped in spring in southern Ontario.

A procedure is described for obtaining free eggs and first-stage larvae of Sitophilus granarius (L.) and rearing the larvae to the adult stage on whole wheat, corn, and rice flours and on diet 2, a casein–starch-based meridic diet.

Larval growth rates of males and females reared at 29 °C and 65% R.H. on whole wheat flour were comparable although males attained a higher maximum mean weight. Days to 50% adult emergence (eclosion) were 25.5 and 26.5 for females and males, respectively.

Larval growth rates on whole wheat flour were comparable with those on whole corn flour but were better than the rates obtained on whole rice flour; however, growth on diet 2 was improved compared with that on whole wheat flour. The mean weights of 14-day-old larvae were 2.51 ±.40 mg and 1.25 ±.16 mg for those reared on diet 2 and wheat flour, respectively. Similarly, survival to the adult stage was slightly greater (79%) on diet 2 than on wheat (70%). On diet 1, a casein–glucose-based meridic diet, no larvae developed to the pupal stage.

One larval parasite, Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and three pupal parasites (Muscidifurax raptor G. & S., Spalangia nigra Latr., and Eupteromalus dubius (Ashm.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)) developed on face fly, Musca autumnalis De G. (Diptera: Muscidae), collected near Belleville, Ont. These parasites, and four other Hymenoptera and one staphylinid, were reared from other Diptera associated with M. autumnalis. The economic value of the four face fly parasites is limited because only one (A. pallipes) finds hosts easily, none is host-specific, and few individuals that develop on face fly pupae emerge from the puparia.

Seasonal trends of the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were measured in the foliage of apple trees infested with the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), at four population levels created by the action of predators and/or chemical treatment.

It was shown that by early September the concentrations of these nutrients; particularly nitrogen, were significantly depressed by high P. ulmi populations.

The relative densities of phytophagous and predacious mites within mature apple trees were examined. The eggs of phytophagous mites Aculus schlechtendali (Nal.) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were more numerous in the lower position of the tree while the reverse was true for the predacious mite Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and its eggs.

Trichocorixella mexicana (Hung.), a corixid, has dextral and sinistral males and bilaterally symmetrical females. The development of this polymorphic form from ovum to adult shows five nymphal instars. Thus, this species must be added to the list of polymorphic Corixidae that have five nymphal instars in their life history.

Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. eggs in three age groups were irradiated with Cesium-137. Irradiation dosages of 15,480 rads did not affect the hatching of 48- to 72-hr-old eggs, though 24- to 48-hr-old eggs were more resistant than the 0- to 24-hr-old eggs. LD50 values measured as survival of 7-day-old larvae, however, showed that 48- to 72-hr-old eggs were more sensitive than 24- to 48-hr-old eggs. Dosages from 1935 to 2580 rads depressed the fecundity of adults emerged from irradiated eggs.

A test for the occurrence of either hybrid inviability or hybrid sterility was made using five geographical races of the codling moth. None was found.

The frequency of insemination of females in laboratory swarms of Chironomus riparius Meigen was investigated using autoradiographic techniques. In swarms in which the sexes were nearly equally represented the majority of females were invariably inseminated. The frequency of inseminations for a given population of males declined with aging. There was variation among individual males in the numbers of females inseminated and the timing of inseminations in a succession of eocrepuscular swarms. Unmated females appeared to be receptive to insemination throughout most of their adult life. Insemination or injection of extracts of males rendered the females unreceptive to subsequent inseminations. Unmated females held in cages for longer than 48 hr were found to resorb the eggs in one of their ovaries.

Twenty species of ground beetles (Family Carabidae) and one species of carrion beetle (Family Silphidae) were collected in six stations east of a kraft paper mill in Thunder Bay, Ontario, from May to August, 1971. The beetle population decreased markedly towards the mill. There was no apparent statistical difference in size variation of specimens near the mill and those further away.

The dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), has a North American distribution and is commonly found in tobacco fields in Ontario. It has one generation a year, and overwinters as an egg in the soil. Hatching takes place in early April and the young larvae feed on the rye rotation crop; later they attack newly transplanted tobacco seedlings. Head width measurements of larvae collected from the field show seven instars, but individual rearing data of E. messoria larvae reveal that small numbers pass through six and an occasional larva passes through eight; however, the eighth instar has the same head width as the seventh. Pupation occurs from late July to mid-August in the soil. The adult emerges from mid-August to October, and oviposition occurs in this same period. Eggs are completely developed before winter. Behaviour and duration of the different stages are described. Natural mortality factors of the species are given.

Dorsal anterior abdomens of late instar larvae of Trogoderma inclusum Le Conte and T. variabile Ballion were exposed to six doses from each of three lasers. The effects were followed for 183 days after lasing. Ruby (1.6–9.5 j/cm2) and neodymium (4.3–24.9 j/cm2) lasing killed the darker T. variabile larvae at lower doses than those required to kill the paler T. inclusum larvae. Carbon dioxide (2.1–12.7 j/cm2) lasing killed larvae of both species at intermediate and high doses. At sublethal doses, none of the three lasers affected development in terms of feeding, photonegative behavior, diapause, pupation, metamorphosis, reproductive mating behavior, fecundity, or egg development.

The percentage of first-instar cluster-fly larvae successfully penetrating their earthworm hosts, Eisenia rosea (Sav.), remained quite constant at 13 °C when ratios of larvae to worms were from 7.5:1 to 0.5:1. Larvae descended into undisturbed soil only by following naturally occurring pore spaces (inter-ped spaces or those caused by vegetation or earthworms). In disturbed soil lacking natural pores, few earthworms were penetrated by the larvae, partly due to earthworm behaviour of blocking their burrows with casts. The significance of soil conditions and other factors as it affects this parasitic relationship is discussed.

Baetis bundyi new species is described from nymphs which were collected from tundra ponds in the central Canadian arctic (62.45 N., 94.27 W.). Based on measurements of a series of nymphs the eggs must hatch in early July and adults emerge in August. A table is presented for separating this species from other known arctic Baetis.

Weevil damage on 12 sources of eastern white pine was measured. Differences between sources at age 13 were significant, but all sources were heavily weeviled. It is doubtful that sources resistant to the white pine weevil will be located.

The genus Bohemiellina Machulka, 1941 (type-species paradoxa Machulka, 1941) is a separate genus closely related to Aneurota Casey, 1893 (type-species sulcifrons Casey, 1893), not a synonym of the latter. The holotype of Aneurota sulcifrons Casey, 1893 has been compared with a representative specimen of Bohemiellina paradoxa Machulka, 1941.