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Testing species limits of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) associated with galls induced by Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Canada using an integrative approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2013

Y. Miles Zhang ,
Michael W. Gates  and
Joseph D. Shorthouse
Y. Miles Zhang*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
Michael W. Gates
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States of America
Joseph D. Shorthouse
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: yuanmeng.zhang@gmail.com).
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Abstract

Studies of insect host-parasitoid relationships are often confounded by the difficulties associated with species delimitation in taxonomically challenging groups. Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) are common parasitoids associated with galls induced by Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) and are difficult to identify due to their small size, morphological conservatism, and unreliable published host records. This study tests the species limits of eurytomids associated with galls induced by Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Canada using an integrative taxonomy approach including adult morphology, the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I, host records, and geographical range. Incongruences between morphological and molecular data were found within the Eurytoma discordans Bugbee complex, as Eurytoma discordans, Eurytoma acuta Bugbee, and Eurytoma calcarea Bugbee were shown to be new synonyms. The results also revealed the presence of cryptic species within Eurytoma spongiosa Bugbee. Furthermore, issues that have impeded ecological and biological studies of eurytomids associated with rose galls such as host specificity and sex association were resolved using DNA barcodes, providing new insights into the evolutionary history of this difficult group.

Résumé

Les études sur les interactions hôtes-parasitoïdes chez les insectes sont souvent limitées par les difficultés associées à l'identification des espèces, surtout lorsqu'elles proviennent de groupes taxonomiques complexes. Les Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) sont des parasitoïdes communs associés aux galles formées par les Cynipidae (Hymenoptera), et leur identification peut s'avérer laborieuse en raison de leur taille minuscule, leur similitude morphologique et un recueil peu fiable des espèces d'hôtes connues. Le but de cette étude est de redéfinir les limites taxonomiques des eurytomides associés aux galles formées par Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) au Canada en utilisant une méthodologie taxonomique intégrée basée sur la morphologie des adultes, le gène mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I, les hôtes exploités et l’étendue géographique des espèces. Nous avons noté certaines incompatibilités entre les données morphologiques et moléculaires dans le complexe de Eurytoma discordans Bugbee, trois espèces s'avérant analogues. Nos résultats révèlent également la présence d'espèces cryptiques au sein d’Eurytoma spongiosa Bugbee. Cette étude démontre donc que les difficultés rencontrées lors de recherches écologiques et biologiques sur les eurytomides associés aux galles des rosiers, comme par exemple leur spécifité d'hôtes et l'identification des sexes, peuvent être contournées par l'utilisation de marqueurs génétiques. Cette méthodologie permettra ainsi d'approfondir nos connaissances de l'histoire évolutive de ce groupe taxonomique complexe.

Type
Biodiversity & Evolution
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 146 , Issue 3 , June 2014 , pp. 321 - 334
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2013 

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Patrice Bouchard

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