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A TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MODEL OF EGG DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA LECONTE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

A.W. Schaafsma ,
G.H. Whitfield  and
C.R. Ellis
A.W. Schaafsma
Affiliation:
Horticulture and Biology Section, Ridgetown College of Agricultural Technology, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada N0P 2C0
G.H. Whitfield
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Harrow, Ontario, Canada N0R 1G0
C.R. Ellis
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Abstract

Developmental rates of post-diapause eggs of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte were compared in the laboratory at six constant temperatures, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32°C. Linear and nonlinear models were fitted to temperature versus developmental data and were used to predict egg hatch in the field. A four-parameter model fitted to median developmental rates (r2 = 0.99) indicated that development was linear between 16 and 28°C, optimal at 28°C, and decreased at 32°C. The lower development threshold (± SE) (10.5 ± 0.1°C) was determined by linear regression and the x-intercept method. Completion of post-diapause egg development required 258 ± 3 degree-days (± SE) above the base temperature. This compared well with the mean degree-days accumulated to 50% hatch (± SE) of 265 ± 24 which we observed in the field at several locations over 3 years using a degree-day model incorporating an 11°C developmental threshold and soil temperatures at 5- and 10-cm depths. A stochastic simulation model, incorporating a nonlinear developmental function dependant on soil temperatures taken every 2 h also predicted 50% hatch within 2 days. This model was validated in the field with 19 independent records of soil temperatures for several locations at two depths in the soil over 3 years. The simulation model accurately predicted time of 5 and 95% hatch, which indicates that this model has broad application in predicting the pattern of egg hatch for pest management.

Résumé

Le taux de développement des oeufs après la diapause a été étudié en laboratoire à six températures constantes, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 et 32°C chez Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Des modèles linéaires et non linéaires ont été ajustés aux données de vitesses de développement en fonction de la température et ont servi à prédire l’éclosion des oeufs en nature. Un modèle à quatre paramètres ajusté à des taux de développement moyens (r2 = 0,99) indique que le développement est linéaire entre 16 et 28°C, optimal à 28°C, et diminue à 32°C. Le seuil inférieur de température (± erreur type) (10,5±0,1°C) a été obtenu par une régression linéaire en extrapolant jusqu’à l’intersection avec l’axe des x. Le développement complet de l’oeuf après la diapause requiert 258±3 degrés-jours au-dessus du seuil inférieur de température. Cette valeur est comparable aux nombres moyens de degrés-jours (265±24) accumulés jusqu’à l’obtention de l’éclosion de 50% des oeufs (± erreur type) tels qu’observés en nature à différents endroits au cours d’une étude de 3 ans où le modèle utilisé était basé sur le nombre de degrés-jours et tenait compte du seuil inférieur de développement de 11°C à des températures de sol mesurées à 5 et à 10 cm de profondeur. Un modèle stochastique basé sur une fonction non linéaire de développement en relation avec la température du sol, telle que mesurée toutes les 2 h, a permis de prédire le moment où 50% des oeufs sont éclos à 2 jours près. Le modèle a été validé en nature par 19 mesures individuelles de la température du sol à divers endroits et à deux profondeurs de sol durant 3 ans. Le modèle permet de prédire les moments où 5 et 95% des oeufs auront éclos; il s’avérera donc très utile pour prédire les patterns d’éclosion des oeufs dans les programmes de contrôle.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 123 , Issue 6 , December 1991 , pp. 1183 - 1197
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

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