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TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF EGGS AND LARVAE OF WINTHEMIA FUMIFERANAE TOTH. (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE), A LARVAL–PUPAL PARASITOID OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Christian Hébert  and
Conrad Cloutier
Christian Hébert
Affiliation:
Département de biologie, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
Conrad Cloutier
Affiliation:
Département de biologie, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Abstract

Relationships between temperature and development rates of eggs and larvae of Winthemia fumiferanae Toth. were experimentally determined, using the spruce budworm as host. Hatching of parasitoid eggs was triggered by host pupation. The median time required to complete egg development at different temperatures was estimated from distributions of percentage development success of the parasitoid over time between egg deposition and host pupation. For parasitoid eggs that had sufficient time to hatch, detachment from the host before pupation was the most important cause of mortality at 15 °C or higher, but was negligible below this temperature. A curvilinear model describing egg development rate as a function of temperature was used to simulate the development of W. fumiferanae eggs in the field. The relationship between larval development rate and temperature also was modelled, and the variability described. Simulations initiated by host pupation-driven egg hatching, and terminated with prepupal drop to the ground, are presented and discussed with respect to the appropriateness of using host pupation as an indicator of parasitoid egg hatching in the field.

Résumé

Les relations entre la température et les taux de développement des oeufs et des larves de Winthemia fumiferanae Toth. ont été établies expérimentalement en utilisant la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette comme hôte. L’éclosion des oeufs du parasitoïde était initiée par la pupaison de l’hôte. Le temps médian requis pour compléter le développement de l’oeuf à différentes températures a été évalué à partir de distributions du pourcentage de succès du parasitoïde en fonction du temps écoulé entre l’oviposition et la pupaison de l’hôte. Le décollement de l’oeuf avant la pupaison de l’hôte s’est avéré la cause la plus importante de mortalité des parasitoïdes ayant eu assez de temps pour éclore à 15 °C ou plus, mais était négligeable sous cette température. Un modèle curvilinéaire décrivant le taux de développement des oeufs en fonction de la température a permis de simuler le développement des oeufs de W. fumiferanae en milieu naturel. La relation entre le taux de développement des larves et la température a été modélisée de façon similaire et la variabilité décrite. Des simulations, initiées par la pupaison de l’hôte comme indice de l’éclosion des oeufs et terminées par la tombée au sol des pré-pupes, sont présentées et discutées en rapport avec la pertinence d’utiliser la pupaison de l’hôte comme indice de l’éclosion des oeufs du parasitoïde en milieu naturel.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 122 , Issue 2 , April 1990 , pp. 329 - 341
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

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