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Spatial heterogeneity of low-density populations of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera: Acrididae) associated with grazing and vegetation treatments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Dennis J. Fielding ,
M.A. Brusven ,
Bahman Shafii  and
William J. Price
Dennis J. Fielding*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, PO Box 757200, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States 99775
M.A. Brusven
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States 83844-2339
Bahman Shafii
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States 83844-2339
William J. Price
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States 83844-2339
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: ffdjfl@uaf.edu).
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Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine whether the spatial distribution of Melanoplus sanguinipes F., the most abundant species of grasshopper on rangeland in southern Idaho, varied annually in response to changing patterns of grazing and to investigate how vegetation affects the spatial distribution of low-density populations of M. sanguinipes at scales relevant to most rangeland-management activities. A lattice of 72 sites was established across nine pastures, covering approximately 5000 ha. At each site, densities of M. sanguinipes, percent canopy coverage by plant species, and percent forage utilization by livestock were estimated twice per year, in June when M. sanguinipes was in the nymphal stage and in August during the adult stage, for 4 years, 1991–1994. Spatial analyses of variance were used to evaluate the influence of grazing and vegetation type on densities of M. sanguinipes. In August of each year, densities of M. sanguinipes were lower on heavily grazed sites than on lightly grazed sites, except in 1993, when the opposite trend was observed. Above-normal precipitation in 1993 resulted in abundant growth of annual forbs and regrowth of grazed plants. The distribution of nymphs in June of 1993 and 1994 reflected the grazing patterns of the previous summer. Densities of M. sanguinipes were lower on crested wheatgrass habitats than on annual grasslands for every sampling period from June 1991 to June 1993, after which no differences were observed. We interpret the results to suggest that grazing effects on low-density populations of M. sanguinipes were contingent on weather conditions; under dry conditions, grazed habitats were less favorable to M. sanguinipes but, during relatively cool wet summers, grazing created conditions that were more favorable to M. sanguinipes.

Résumé

Nous avons tenté de déterminer si la répartition spatiale de Melanoplus sanguinipes F., l’espèce de criquet la plus abondante dans la zone de pâturage du sud de l’Idaho, varie annuellement en fonction des fluctuations du broutage et comment la végétation affecte la répartition spatiale des populations de criquets de faible densité à des échelles importantes pour la plupart des opérations d’aménagement des pâturages. Une grille de 72 sites a été créée dans neuf pâturages couvrant environ 5000 ha. À chaque site, nous avons estimé la densité des criquets, le pourcentage de terrain couvert par les diverses espèces de plantes et le pourcentage de brout utilisé par le bétail, deux fois par année durant 4 ans, de 1991 à 1994, en juin, durant la nymphose de M. sanguinipes, et en août, au stade adulte du criquet. Des analyses de variance spatiales ont servi à évaluer l’influence du broutage et du type de végétation sur la densité des criquets. Chaque année en août, la densité des criquets s’est avérée moins forte aux sites très broutés qu’aux sites peu broutés, sauf en 1993 alors que la tendance inverse s’est produite. Les précipitations au-dessus de la moyenne en 1993 ont donné lieu à une production abondante des herbes autres que les graminées et à une repoussée des plantes broutées. La répartition des nymphes en juin de 1993 et 1994 reflétait les patterns de broutage de l’été précédent. La densité des M. sanguinipes a été plus faible dans les habitats de crêtes à agropyrons que dans les prairies annuelles à chaque période d’échantillonnage de juin 1991 à juin 1993, après quoi nous n’avons plus observé de différences. Ces résultats semblent indiquer que les effets du broutage sur les populations de M. sanguinipes de faible densité sont fonction des conditions climatiques; par temps sec, les habitats broutés sont moins favorables à M. sanguinipes, alors que durant les étés relativement frais et humides, le broutage crée des conditions qui lui sont plus favorables.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 133 , Issue 6 , December 2001 , pp. 843 - 855
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2001

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