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REARING METHODS AND DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS FOR A SUBTERRANEAN MORPH OF THE SUGARBEET ROOT APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Christopher D. Campbell  and
William D. Hutchison
Christopher D. Campbell
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA 55108
William D. Hutchison
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA 55108
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Abstract

A reliable method for rearing the subterranean summer morph of the sugarbeet root aphid, Pemphigus betae Doane, is described. Field-collected aphids were reared using hydroponic growth pouches that allowed exposed root tissue to be fed on by P. betae. The aphid has been maintained in continuous culture for over 3 years. Open pouches were subsequently modified with cages to provide more successful mass rearing. Cages placed on the pouch were devised to provide an arena that concentrated aphids on one area of the pouch, minimized wandering behavior, and ensured a more vigorous colony. During a 10-week mass rearing experiment, caged pouches consistently averaged 120.8 ± 9.6(se) aphids per cage (fourth instars and adults) following 2-week incubation periods. Caged pouches also were used to isolate individual aphids for development and fecundity studies. Age-specific life tables were developed for P. betae using both open pouches at 20°C, and caged pouches at 24°C. Although the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was lower at 20°C on a daily time scale (rm = 0.2314 versus 0.2591), rm was significantly greater at 20°C on a degree-day (DD > 7.6°C) time scale (rm = 0.0187 versus 0.0158). The difference on a DD basis resulted primarily from a longer time interval from birth to first reproduction (TFR) at 24°C(TFR = 158.5 versus 147.1 DD at 20°C). These results corroborate previous experience with P. betae, indicating that 20°C appeared to be an optimum temperature for mass rearing. Stable age distributions for P. betae cohorts were only slightly affected by temperature; on average approximately 55, 22, 11, 7, and 5% of the aphids were first, second, third, and fourth instars, and adults, respectively. Though similar studies have not been reported for other Pemphigus spp., all demographic statistics were characteristic of many foliar-feeding aphids held under similar constant temperature conditions.

Résumé

Une méthode très satisfaisante a été mise au point pour faire l’élevage de la forme souterrainne d’été du Puceron de la betterave à sucre, Pemphigus betae Doane. Des pucerons récoltés en nature ont été gardés en élevage dans des poches de croissance hydroponique leur permettant de se nourrir sur les tissus radiculaires exposés des betteraves. Les pucerons ont pu être gardés ainsi en élevage pour plus de 3 ans. Les poches ouvertes ont été modifiés par la suite par l’addition de cages qui ont permis l’élevage en masse. Les cages placées sur les poches étaient conçues de façon à créer un espace qui concentrait les pucerons sur une surface de la poche, à minimiser les déplacements et à rendre la colonie plus résistante. Au cours d’une expérience d’élevage en masse d’une durée de 10 semaines, les poches munies de cages ont donné en moyenne 120,8 ± 9,6 (erreur type) pucerons par cage (quatrième stade et adultes) après 2 semaines d’incubation. Les poches munies de cages ont également été utilisées pour isoler des pucerons en vue d’étudier leur développement et leur fécondité. Des tables de survie spécifiques à l’àge ont été bâties d’après les résultats obtenus sur les poches ouvertes à 20°C et sur les poches munies de cages à 24°C. Bien que le taux intrinsèque de croissance de la population (rm) se soit avéré plus faible à 20°C sur une échelle temporelle quotidienne (rm = 0,2314 versus 0,2591), rm était significativement plus élevé à 20°C sur une échelle en degré-jours (DJ > 7,6°C) (rm = 0,0187 versus 0,0158). La différence entre les résultats obtenus sur les deux échelles est surtout attribuable à l’intervalle plus long entre la naissance et la première reproduction (TFR) à 24°C (TFR = 158,5 versus 147,1 DJ à 20°C). Ces résultats corroborent ceux d’expériences antérieures sur la même espèce, à savoir que 20°C représente la température optimale d’élevage en masse. La répartition en fonction de l’âge au sein des différentes cohortes était peu affectée par la température; en moyenne, environ 55% des pucerons étaient des larves de premier stade, 22%, des larves de deuxième stade, 11%, des larves de troisième stade, 7%, des larves de quatrième stade et 5%, des adultes. Il n’existe pas de travaux semblables sur d’autres espèces de Pemphigus, mais toutes les statistiques démographiques présentées ici sont caractéristiques de plusieurs espèces de pucerons phyllophages gardées dans des conditions semblables de température constante.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 1 , February 1995 , pp. 65 - 77
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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