Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-25T00:34:55.703Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE AND THE EUROPEAN FRUIT SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) ON HARVESTED APPLES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. V. G. Morgan  and
B. J. Angle
C. V. G. Morgan
Affiliation:
Research Station, Canada Department of Agriculture, Summerland, British Columbia
B. J. Angle
Affiliation:
Research Station, Canada Department of Agriculture, Summerland, British Columbia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The habits of the San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, and the European fruit scale, A. ostreaeformis Curtis, on harvested apples in British Columbia are discussed under the following topics: stages found on apples; distribution and mortality on apples; influence on size, odor, and skin of apples; discoloration of fruit; and appearance of scales on apples. Outstanding characteristics of the San José scale are: all stages occur on the fruit; crawlers settle primarily in the stem end of Newtown and Winesap apples, equally in the stem and calyx ends of Rome Beauty, and predominantly in the calyx end of Delicious; the scale survives longer in the stem end than in the calyx end of stored Newtown, Winesap, and Delicious apples; all scales eventually die in storage; and infestations decrease the size of apples, adversely affect color and maturity, impart a moldy odor to the fruit, and mark the skin of all varieties by causing red spots around the scales. Comparable habits of the European fruit scale are: males and females do not occur on the fruit; more crawlers settle in the stem end of Newtown, McIntosh, and Hyslop crab apples than in the calyx end but the reverse distribution occurs on Rome Beauty; the scale survives longer in the calyx end of all varieties; all scales do not die on apples placed in storage; infestations apparently do not affect size, color, maturity, and odor of fruit; and feeding of the scale seldom marks the skin of Newtown apples but it does cause purplish-red spots around the scales of all other varieties of apples.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 100 , Issue 5 , May 1968 , pp. 499 - 503
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1968

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Contribution No. 233 of the Research Station.

References

Blickenstaff, C. C. et al. , 1965. Common names of insects approved by the Entomological Society of America. Bull. ent. Soc. Am. 11: 287–320.Google Scholar
Britton, W. E. 1909. The San José scale and methods of controlling it. Bull. Conn. agric. Exp. Stn, No. 165.Google Scholar
Caesar, L. 1914. The San José scale and oyster-shell scales. Bull. Ont. Dep. Agric., No. 219.Google Scholar
Essig, E. O. 1958. Insects and mites of Western North America. Macmillan, New York.Google Scholar
Felt, E. P. 1901. Scale insects of importance and list of the species in New York State. Bull. N.Y. St. Mus. 46: 291–377.Google Scholar
Freitas, A. de. 1962. Distribuicao e hospedeiros da cochonilha-de-Sao-Jose (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.)) em Portugal continental. Agronomia Lusit. 24: 21–32.Google Scholar
Kosztarab, M. 1963. The armored scale insects of Ohio (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Bull. Ohio Biol. Surv. New Ser. 2(2): 1–120.Google Scholar
Lochhead, W. 1910. Class book of economic entomology with special reference to the economic insects of the northern United States and Canada. P. Blakiston's Son, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. V. G. 1967. Fate of the San José scale and the European fruit scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on apples and prunes held in standard cold storage and controlled atmosphere storage. Can. Ent. 99: 650–659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, A. M. 1960. Scale insect survey on apples 1959–60. N.Z. J. agric. Res. 3: 693–698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, A. M. 1962 a. The oyster-shell scale, Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis (Curtis), in the Christchurch district of New Zealand. N.Z. J. agric. Res. 5: 95–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, A. M. 1962 b. Damage to crops infested with San José scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.). N.Z. J. agric. Res. 5: 479–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasseur, R., and Schvester, D.. 1957. Biologie et écologie du pou de San José (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst.) en France. Annls Epiphyt. 1: 5–66.Google Scholar