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IDENTIFICATION OF CHRYSOPIDAE IN CANADA, WITH BIONOMIC NOTES (NEUROPTERA)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.A. Garland
J.A. Garland
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Macdonald College of McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 1C0
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Abstract

Chrysopidae in Canada comprise 24 species in 9 genera and 2 subfamilies. Additional southern species are mentioned, 1 as a new combination, and other nomenclatorial changes are reviewed in relation to the Canadian fauna. Generic diagnosis of males employs sternum VIII + IX, the arcessus, gonapsis, pseudopenis, and tignum. Generic diagnosis of females is based on the dorsal furrow, ectoprocts, spermatheca, subgenitale, and a non-genitalic trait, the innermost gradate crossvein in the wings. The ecological implications and inherent difficulties in taxonomy are discussed for coloration in Chrysopidae, to develop a practical key to differentiate 26 species using color and other non-genitalic traits. A checklist summarizes maps of the geographic distribution in Canada and notes species in Alaska, based on specimens examined. Patterns of distribution for the Canadian chrysopid fauna are either Holarctic for 1 species or indigenously Nearctic, with eastern, western, or boreal foci. Disjunctions are apparent for species with a more southern, transcontinental distribution, which enter Canada primarily in Ontario and British Columbia. Life-history and bionomic notes are limited to 6 species in Canada, for which synonymies and figures are based on specimens examined. Most data originate from studies performed in Ontario. There are 5 species of parasites from 2 chrysopids. Hosts include 11 species of insects and mites, with 2 cases of hyperpredation. Three insecticides account for the more recent scarcity of chrysopids in the Niagara region. Conclusions relate the following: variable color in the 1 Holarctic species to post-glacial mingling in the northwest; gaps in temporal and spatial distribution to extinctions in progress; and renewed interest in Chrysopidae to earlier research on this group in Canada.

Résumé

Les Chrysopides du Canada comptent 24 espèces, représentant 9 genres et 2 sous-familles. D'autres espèces vivant plus au sud sont également signalées et on propose, ici, une nouvelle combinaison en rapport avec des changements de nomenclature en cours. La diagnose générique du mâle utilise les sternites VIII + IX, ainsi que les pièces génitales: arcessus, gonapsis, pseudopénis et tignum; celle de la femelle: la ligne dorsale, les ectoproctes, la spermathèque, la plaque sous-génitale et la série des nervures scalariformes alaires internes. Les conséquences écologiques de la coloration eidonomique, et les difficultés taxonomiques qu'elles entraînent, se trouvent indiquées dans la clé d'identification pratique de 26 espèces, clé basée sur les couleurs et autres caractères non sexuels. Une liste de contrôle résume les cartes de répartition géographique des specimens examinés pour chaque espèce du Canada, avec quelques remarques sur les autres formes mises en évidence dans l'état de l'Alaska. D'une manière générale, la répartition de cette faune se conforme, pour 1 seule espèce, à une formule Holarctique, et pour le reste à une formule Néarctique autochtone, avec pour centre l'est, l'ouest ou la région boréale de l'Amérique du nord. Les espèces qui se trouvent plus vers le sud, montrent une formule transcontinentale, propre aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique et semblent avoir une répartition discontinue (quelques localités dans la province de la Colombie britannique et dans la province de l'Ontario). Les considérations biologiques et bionomiques ne concernent que 6 espèces canadiennes, pour lesquelles on indique les synonymies tirées de la littérature; quant aux figures, elle sont toutes fondées sur les specimens étudiés. Dans la plupart des cas, les données proviennent de la province de l'Ontario avec 5 espèces spongeuses sur 2 espèces chrysopes. Des hôtes abritent 11 espèces des insectes (dont il y a 2 cas de hyperprédisme). L'utilisation de 3 insecticides fait comprendre la rareté récente des chrysopes appartenant à la région du Niagara. Enfin, la variabilité chromatique de l'espèce Holarctique fait penser que les races du nord-ouest se sont mêlées après l'époque glaciaire — et des trous dans la répartition spatio-temporelle laissent supposer qu'on se trouve en présence d'un phénomène d'extinction. Néanmoins, l'étude actuelle des Névroptères, montre avec assez d'évidence tout l'intérêt et toute l'importance des recherches anciennes menées sur les chrysopes du Canada.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 117 , Issue 6 , June 1985 , pp. 737 - 762
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

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