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Geographic distribution and ecology of two species of Orsillus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) associated with cones of native and introduced Cupressaceae in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Gaelle Rouault ,
Raffaella Cantini ,
Andrea Battisti  and
Alain Roques
Gaelle Rouault
Affiliation:
INRA, station de Zoologie Forestière, B.P. 20619 Ardon, 45166 Olivet CEDEX, France
Raffaella Cantini
Affiliation:
Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
Andrea Battisti
Affiliation:
University of Padova, DAAPV-Entomology, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
Alain Roques*
Affiliation:
INRA, station de Zoologie Forestière, B.P. 20619 Ardon, 45166 Olivet CEDEX, France
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: Alain.Roques@orleans.inra.fr).
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Abstract

In the Mediterranean Basin, two species of true seed bugs in the genus Orsillus Dallas, O. maculatus Fieber and O. depressus Mulsant et Rey, share the exploitation of seed cones of Cupressaceae for feeding and reproduction and may carry spores of the pathogenic fungus Seiridium cardinale Sutton & Gibson, responsible for the cypress bark canker disease. We compared the life history of the two species. A total of 89 cone collections carried out in 10 Mediterranean countries confirmed that O. maculatus is most closely associated with Cupressus sempervirens L., although it may also infest some other Cupressus L. species and, more rarely, species of Chamaecyparis Spach. Orsillus depressus appears to be less host-specific, being capable of feeding and ovipositing on most of the native and exotic species of Juniperus L., Cupressus, and Chamaecyparis. On C. sempervirens, the abundance of each Orsillus species follows an inverted longitudinal gradient along the Mediterranean Basin, probably corresponding to the pathway of introduction of this tree species from its native eastern range towards western Europe. The dominance of O. maculatus progressively decreases from east to west, whereas O. depressus becomes dominant in the Iberian Peninsula. By contrast, O. depressus is the dominant seed bug on other Cupressaceae all over Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. In the area in which C. sempervirens has been introducted, both Orsillus species may live on the same tree, but morphological variability of both adults and nymphs often hinders accurate identification of the species. Based on frequency distribution, the relative length of the rostrum compared with that of the body seems to be a diagnostic character for specific identification of nymphs of the last two instars.

Résumé

Dans le Bassin Méditerranéen, deux punaises des graines du genre Orsillus Dallas, O. maculatus Fieber et O. depressus Mulsant et Rey, se partagent l'exploitation des cônes de Cupressacées pour leur nutrition et leur reproduction. Ces deux espèces transportent les spores d'un champignon pathogène, Seiridium cardinale Sutton & Gibson, responsable de la maladie du chancre cortical du cyprès. Le cycle biologique respectif des deux espèces est comparé. L'analyse de 89 récoltes de cônes réalisées dans 10 pays méditerranéens a confirmé que O. maculatus est plus étroitement associée à Cupressus sempervirens L. bien qu'elle puisse aussi se retrouver sur d'autres espèces de Cyprès et, mais plus rarement, de Chamaecyparis Spach. Orsillus depressus semble plus oligophage, étant capable de se nourrir et de se reproduire sur la plupart des espèces natives et exotiques de Cupressacées. Sur C. sempervirens, l'abondance relative de chaque espèce suit un gradient longitudinal inversé le long du Bassin Méditerranéen, qui correspond vraisemblablement à la route d'introduction de l'essence-hôte depuis son aire d'origine orientale vers l'Europe occidentale. La dominance d'O. maculatus décroît progressivement d'est en ouest, O. depressus devenant l'espèce principale dans la Péninsule Ibérique. Sur les autres Cupressaceae, O. depressus est l'espèce prédominante dans l'ensemble de l'Europe comme dans le Bassin Méditerranéen. Dans l'aire d'introduction de C. sempervirens, les deux espèces cohabitent parfois sur un même arbre, mais l'identification de chaque espèce est rendue difficile par des variations morphologiques chez les adultes et les larves. Sur la base de la distribution des fréquences, la longueur relative du rostre comparée à celle du corps semble constituer un caractère diagnostique pour la différenciation des larves des deux derniers stades de chaque espèce.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 137 , Issue 4 , August 2005 , pp. 450 - 470
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2005

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