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Filth fly parasitoids on dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

G.A.P. Gibson  and
K.D. Floate
G.A.P. Gibson*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Biodiversity and Integrated Pest Management, KW Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
K.D. Floate
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 – 1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: gibsong@agr.gc.ca).
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Abstract

Hymenopterous parasitoids of filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) were surveyed during 2 years on dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec near Ottawa, Ontario, using freeze-killed sentinel house fly (Musca domestica L.) pupae and naturally occurring fly pupae collected on site. Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (stable fly) represented 98.3% of the natural fly hosts from which parasitoids emerged. Muscidifurax raptor Girault et Saunders, Nasonia vitripennis Walker, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. nigra Latreille, Trichomalopsis viridescens (Walsh), and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae) were recovered from both sentinel and natural fly pupae. Another eight species, S. drosophilae Ashmead, S. endius Walker, S. haematobiae Ashmead, S. nigroaenea Curtis, S. subpunctata Förster, Trichomalopsis dubia (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae), Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Braconidae), and Phygadeuon ?fumator Gravenhörst (Ichneumonidae), were recovered only from natural pupae. Over the 2 years, M. raptor comprised 90.7% of emerged parasitoids from sentinel pupae but only 17.0% of emerged parasitoids from natural pupae. From natural pupae, S. cameroni, S. nigra, and S. nigroaenea collectively comprised 60.3% of emerged parasitoids; P. ?fumator comprised 13.5% and the remaining nine species 9.2%. The recoveries of S. endius and S. nigroaenea represent new distribution records for Canada, and several new host records are identified based on structure of the host fly puparium. The parasitoid fauna is compared with that known for western Canada, and recommendations are made for both regions concerning potential natural enemy enhancement for filth fly control.

Résumé

Nous avons fait pendant 2 ans l'inventaire des hyménoptères parasitoïdes des mouches des immondices (Diptera : Muscidae) sur des fermes laitières de l'Ontario et du Québec près d'Ottawa, Ontario, en utilizant des pupes sentinelles de mouches domestiques (Musca domestica L.) tuées au froid et des pupes de mouches présentes naturellement sur les lieux. Musca domestica et Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), la mouche des étables, constituent 98,3 % des hôtes naturels desquels les parasitoïdes ont émergé. Les ptéromalidés Muscidifurax raptor Girault et Saunders, Nasonia vitripennis Walker, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. nigra Latreille, Trichomalopsis viridescens (Walsh) et Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) ont été obtenus à partir des pupes de mouches, tant sentinelles que naturelles. Huit autres espèces, les Ptéromalidés S. drosophilae Ashmead, S. endius Walker, S. haematobiae Ashmead, S. nigroaenea Curtis, S. subpunctata Förster, Trichomalopsis dubia (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae), Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Braconidae) et Phygadeuon ?fumator Gravenhörst (Ichneumonidae) ont émergé seulement des pupes naturelles. Muscidifurax raptor représente 90,7 % des parasitoïdes qui ont émergé des pupes sentinelles au cours des deux années, mais seulement 17 % des parasitoïdes issus des pupes naturelles. Chez les pupes naturelles, S. cameroni, S. nigra et S. nigroaenea représentent ensemble 60,3 % des émergences de parasitoïdes, alors que P. ?fumator représente 13,5 % et les neuf autres espèces 9,2 %. Spalangia endius et S. nigroaenea sont mentionnés pour la première fois au Canada et plusieurs nouveaux hôtes ont été identifiés d'après la structure de leur puparium. Nous comparons cette faune de parasitoïdes à celle qui est connue de l'ouest du Canada et nous faisons des recommandations applicables aux deux régions afin d'améliorer le contrôle potentiel des mouches des immondices au moyen de leurs ennemis naturels.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 136 , Issue 3 , June 2004 , pp. 407 - 417
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2004

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