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EFFECTS OF SCHEDULED HIGH TEMPERATURE ON MALE PRODUCTION IN THELYTOKOUS MUSCIDIFURAX UNIRAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

E.F. Legner
E.F. Legner
Affiliation:
Division of Biological Control, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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Abstract

The production of excess males in thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan & Legner was triggered by high temperature (32.2 °C) during oviposition, and may result from a blockage of endomitosis in the egg. A minimum oviposition period of 24 h at 25 °C prior to continuous high temperature was an important prerequisite. A few receptive oocytes may be present before oviposition, with new ones formed during the first 24 h of the oviposition period at 25 °C. Although heat treatment must begin during a relatively short receptive period ("window of susceptibility") early in adult life, it has to persist longer than 24 h at low oviposition rates (20 hosts/day) and < 24 h at high oviposition rates (50 hosts/day) to block effectively endomitosis and the formation of diploid, female-producing eggs.

Résumé

Une température élevée (32.2 °C) durant l'ovisposition a causé l'apparition d'un excès de mâles chez l'espèce thélytoke Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan & Legner, possiblement dû au blocage de l'endomitose dans l'oeuf. Une période minimale de 24 h à 25 °C, précédant l'exposition continue à la température élevée, s'est avérée un prérequis important. Il est possible que quelques ovocytes réceptifs soient présents avant l'oviposition, et que d'autres soient formés durant les premières 24 h d'oviposition à 25 °C. Bien que le traitement à la chaleur doit débuter au cours d'une période de réceptivité relativement courte ("fenêtre de susceptibilité") au début de la vie adulte, il doit être appliqué pendant plus de 24 h à un rythme d'oviposition lent (20 hôtes/jour) ou moins de 24 h lorsque l'oviposition est rapide (50 hôtes/jour) afin de bloquer l'endomitose pour former des oeufs diploides donnant des femelles.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 117 , Issue 3 , March 1985 , pp. 383 - 389
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

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