Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-16T15:59:37.687Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SURVIVAL OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE), ON BRANCHES OF BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D. G. Bryant
D. G. Bryant
Affiliation:
Newfoundland Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, St. John's
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Over 95% of feeding balsam woolly aphids occur in crevices on balsam fir branches and the highest density occurs within the 3-year tip of branches. The crevices occur under the bud scales at nodes, the base of each season’s growth, and among staminate flower buds or among and within flower bracts. The abundance and survival of aphids as well as mortality factors vary with the location of the nodes in a branch, the type of branch, and aphid generation. The significant differences show that there are 9 to 13 strata within the 3-year tip of a branch. For ecological studies and measuring population levels, the cluster of aphids within a defined crevice, for example under the bud scale at the base of a cluster of shoots, can be selected as a sample unit.

Résumé

Le puceron lanigère du sapin, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) un insecte nuisible au sapin baumier, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., se trouve à 95%, au moins, dans les crevasses des branches, c’est-à-dire sous les écailles de bourgeon à la base de la pousse annuelle et parmi les bourgeons des fleurs staminées, ou parmi et dans les fleurs staminées. L’abondance et la survie des pucerons, outre la mortalité, varient selon l’endroit des crevasses sur la branche, les types des branches, et les generations de printemps et été du puceron. Dans un bout de branche de trois ans, il y a des différences significatives entre le nombre et la mortalité des pucerons et entre les facteurs de mortalité. Par conséquent, on doit faire jusqu’à 13 couches (strates) dans l’extrémité de trois ans d’une branche pour tenir compte de la variation biologique et statistique. Pour les fins d’études écologiques et d’échantillonnage, on peut désigner les pucerons en dedans d’une crevasse spécifique, par exemple sous les écailles à la base des pousses terminales, comme une unité d’échantillonnage.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 108 , Issue 10 , October 1976 , pp. 1097 - 1111
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Balch, R. E. 1952. Studies of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) and its effects on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Publ. Can. Dep. Agric. 867. 76 pp.Google Scholar
Bryant, D. G. 1971. Balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae), seasonal and spatial development in crowns of balsam fir, Abies balsamea. Can. Ent. 103: 1411–1420.Google Scholar
Bryant, D. G. 1972. The measurement of population density of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) a highly aggregate species. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. 169 pp.Google Scholar
Bryant, D. G. 1974 a. A review of the taxonomy, biology and importance of the adelgid pests of true firs. Nfld. For. Res. Centre Inform. Rep. N-X-111. 50 pp.Google Scholar
Bryant, D. G. 1974 b. Distribution of first instar nymphs of Adelges piceae on branches of balsam fir, Abies balsamea, after colonization. Can. Ent. 106: 1075–1080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrow, J. R. and Betts, R. E.. 1973. Effects of different foliar-applied nitrogen fertilizers on balsam woolly aphid. Can. J. For. Res. 3: 122–139.Google Scholar
Clark, R. C., Greenbank, D. O., Bryant, D. G., and Harris, J. W. E.. 1971. Adelges piceae (Ratz.). In Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada 1959–1968, pp. 113–127. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Cont. Tech. Commun. No. 4. Commonw. Agric. Bureaux.Google Scholar
Cole, W. E. 1967. Sampling biologically in forest insect populations. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 60: 860–861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, W. E. 1970. The statistical and biological implications of sampling units for mountain pine beetle populations in lodgepole pine. Res. Pop. Ecol. (Kyoto) 12: 243–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, D. K. 1966. Observations on the crawlers of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.). Can. Dep. For. Rural Develop. Bi-mon. Res. Notes 22(5): 4.Google Scholar
Greenbank, D. O. 1970. Climate and the ecology of the balsam woolly aphid. Can. Ent. 102: 546–578.Google Scholar
Kloft, W. 1957. Further investigations concerning the interrelationship between bark condition of Abies alba and infestation by Adelges piceae typica and A. nüsslini schneideri. Z. angew. Ent. 41: 438–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullick, D. B. and Jensen, G. D.. 1973. New concepts and terminology of coniferous periderms: necrophylactic and exophylactic periderms. Can. J. Bot. 51: 1459–1470.Google Scholar
Oechssler, G. 1962. Studien uber die Saugschaden mittle-europaischer Tannenlause in gewebe einheimischer und auslandischer Tanne. Z. angew. Ent. 50: 408–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, D. B. 1962. Handbook of statistical tables. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.580 pp.Google Scholar
Rowe, J. S. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. For. Serv. Publ. Dep. Environ. Can. 1300. 172 pp.Google Scholar
Schooley, H. O. 1967. Aberrant ovulate cones in balsam fir. For. Sci. 13: 102–104.Google Scholar
Schooley, H. O. and Oldford, L.. 1969. Effect of balsam woolly aphid damage on the reproductive potential of balsam fir. Can. For. Serv. Forest Res. Lab Inf. Rep. N-X-35 (Newfoundland). 21 pp.Google Scholar
Varty, I. W. 1956. Adelges insects of silver firs. G.B. For. Commun. Bull. 26. 75 pp.Google Scholar