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Cydia strobilella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): antennal and behavioral responses to host and nonhost volatiles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. Bédard ,
R. Gries ,
G. Gries  and
R. Bennett
C. Bédard
Affiliation:
Center for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
R. Gries
Affiliation:
Center for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
G. Gries*
Affiliation:
Center for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
R. Bennett
Affiliation:
Ministry of Forests, Tree Improvement Branch, Saanichton, British Columbia, Canada V8M 1W4
*
2Corresponding author (e-mail: gries@sfu.ca).
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Abstract

Female spruce seed moths, Cydia strobilella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), oviposit on seed cones of most North American spruces (Picea spp.) (Pinaceae) at the time of pollination, and larvae feed on seeds in the maturing cones. We tested the hypothesis that host-seeking moths respond to volatiles from both host and nonhost trees. In coupled gas chromatographic – electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) analyses of extracts of spruce seed cone volatiles, > 17 compounds elicited antennal responses from male and female C. strobilella. A blend of seven compounds, including (−)-α-pinene and (−)-β-pinene, α-longipinene and α-humulene, Z3-hexenol, methyl eugenol, and cymen-8-ol, was more attractive to female C. strobilella in laboratory bioassay experiments than the complete seed cone volatile blend, containing these compounds at equivalent quantities and ratios. In GC–EAD analyses of volatile extracts from nonhost angiosperm trees, EAD-activity was associated with compounds present in (almost) every volatile source, including trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides (Michx.) (Salicaceae), paper birch, Betula papyrifera (Marsh.) (Betulaceae), black Cottonwood, Populus balsamifera trichocarpa (Torr. and Gray) (Salicaceae), and bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum (Pursh.) (Aceraceae). In a field experiment in the interior of British Columbia, the antennally active nonhost aldehydes, alcohols, and (±)-conophthorin all reduced captures of male C. strobilella in pheromone-baited traps. Collectively, our data suggest that host selection by C. strobilella is mediated, in part, by semiochemicals from both host and nonhost trees.

Résumé

Les femelles de la tordeuse des graines de l'épinette, Cydia strobilella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), pondent leurs oeufs dans les cônes de la plupart des épinettes (Picea spp.) (Pinaceae) nord-américaines au moment de la pollinisation et les larves se nourrissent des graines contenues dans les cônes en voie de maturation. Nous avons vérifié l'hypothèse selon laquelle les tordeuses à la recherche d'un hôte réagissent aux produits volatiles des arbres hôtes, mais aussi des autres arbres. Nous avons procédé à des analyses de détection par chromatographie en phase gazeuse combinée à l'électroantennographie (GC–EAD) d'extraits de produits volatiles de cônes d'épinettes. Plus de 17 produits ont provoqué une réaction antennaire chez les mâles et les femelles de C. strobilella. Un mélange de sept produits, dont l'(−)-α-pinène, la (−)-β-pinène, l'α-longipinène, l'α-humulène, le Z3-hexénol, le méthyl eugénol et le cymén-8-ol, s'est avéré plus attirant pour la tordeuse au cours de tests en laboratoire que le mélange complet de produits volatiles des graines qui contiennent ces substances en quantités et proportions équivalentes. Au cours d'analyses par GC–EAD d'extraits de produits volatiles d'arbres angiospermes non hôtes, l'activité EAD était associée à des produits présents dans (presque) toutes les sources de produits volatiles, dont le peuplier faux-tremble, Populus tremuloides (Michx.) (Salicaceae), le bouleau blanc, Betula papyrifera (Marsh.) (Betulaceae), le peuplier de l'ouest, Populus balsamifera trichocarpa (Torr. et Gray) (Salicaceae) et l'érable à grandes feuilles, Acer macrophyllum (Pursh.) (Aceraceae). Au cours d'une expérience sur le terrain dans la région intérieure de la Colombie-Britannique, les aldéhydes, les alcools et la (±)-conophthorine d'arbres non hôtes, qui ont une action sur les antennes, ont tous eu pour effet de réduire le nombre de captures de mâles dans des pièges à phéromones. Dans l'ensemble, ces données indiquent que la sélection d'un hôte chez C. strobilella se fait en partie par l'intermédiaire de substances sémiochimiques émanant d'arbres hôtes et d'autres arbres.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 134 , Issue 6 , December 2002 , pp. 793 - 804
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2002

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