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Comparing apples and oranges (and blueberries and grapes): fruit type affects development and cold susceptibility of immature Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2020

Yanira Jiménez-Padilla ,
Laura V. Ferguson  and
Brent J. Sinclair Open the ORCID record for Brent J. Sinclair [Opens in a new window]
Yanira Jiménez-Padilla
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
Laura V. Ferguson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada
Brent J. Sinclair*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. Email: bsincla7@uwo.ca
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Abstract

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a cosmopolitan polyphagous pest on unripe soft-skinned fruits. We sought to determine (1) temperature treatments that could be used to kill immature D. suzukii in fruit or packaging and (2) whether development on different fruits led to differences in cold tolerance of immature D. suzukii. We reared animals from egg on a banana-based laboratory diet and diets made of apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen; Rosaceae), blueberry (Vaccinium Linnaeus; Ericaceae), cherry (Prunus avium Linnaeus; Rosaceae), grape (Vitis Linnaeus; Vitaceae), orange (Citrus × sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck; Rutaceae), raspberry (Rubus Linnaeus; Rosaceae), or strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne; Rosaceae) homogenate in agar and measured development time, adult body size, and cold tolerance. Diet type had complex effects on development time; in particular, D. suzukii reared on apple-based or blueberry-based diets developed more slowly to a smaller adult body size than those on other diets. Cold exposure killed eggs and both first and second instars. Survival of 24 hours at +4 °C by feeding third instars was lowest in blueberry and cherry. Five days at +0.6 °C killed all feeding third instars; this treatment is likely sufficient for targeting D. suzukii in fruit. Two hours at −5 °C or −6 °C killed all wandering third instars and pupae; this exposure could be sufficient for sanitation of packaging.

Type
Research Papers
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 152 , Issue 4: The spotted-wing drosophila , August 2020 , pp. 532 - 545
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of Canada

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Subject editor: Hervé Colinet

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