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Cold tolerance of the spring-feeding larvae of the eyespotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2017

J.A. Swain ,
G.J.R. Judd  and
J.S. Cory
J.A. Swain
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
G.J.R. Judd
Affiliation:
Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0, Canada
J.S. Cory*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: jsc21@sfu.ca)
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Abstract

In this study, we explore the low-temperature thresholds of a pest of apple (Malus pumila Miller; Rosaceae), the eyespotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana Denis and Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the context of spring frost. Spilonota ocellana overwinters as a larva, resuming activity and feeding early in the growing season when it could be vulnerable to unexpected freezing temperatures. We determined that the mean supercooling point of spring instars did not differ for larvae within or outside leaf shelters and ranged from −9.1±0.2 °C for fourth instars, to −7.9±0.2 °C for sixth instars. Larval weight increased with instar and was positively related to the supercooling point. As some insects are freeze tolerant and able to recover from freezing, we also exposed larvae to brief freeze events between −4.5 °C and −9.5 °C and found that the median lower lethal temperature, was −7.3±0.4 °C across all instars; indicating that S. ocellana spring instars are susceptible to freezing temperatures above their supercooling point. These low-temperature thresholds suggest that in the spring, S. ocellana larvae are chill susceptible, and a hard frost (<−7 °C) would be necessary to cause significant larval mortality.

Type
Physiology, Biochemistry, Development, and Genetics
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 149 , Issue 3 , June 2017 , pp. 291 - 299
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2017 

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Brent Sinclair

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