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AGE-SPECIFIC PATTERN OF HOST DISCRIMINATION BY THE APHID PARASITOID EPHEDRUS CALIFORNICUS BAKER (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W. Völkl  and
M. Mackauer
W. Völkl
Affiliation:
Lehrstuhl für Tierökologie I, Universität Bayreuth, D-8580 Bayreuth, West Gemany
M. Mackauer*
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
*
1 Author to whom reprint requests should be addressed.
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Abstract

The solitary aphid parasitoid Ephedrus californicus Baker is able to discriminate between unparasitized and parasitized third-instar nymphs of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Superparasitism varied with the number of mature eggs (which is age-dependent) present in the ovaries as well as with the number and the quality of any hosts encountered. Conspecific superparasitism varied with wasp age; older females, with a large egg supply, accepted hosts parasitized by a conspecific female if unparasitized aphids were unavailable. Self superparasitism occurred at all ages; it was the least likely behaviour compared with egg deposition in unparasitized and conspecific-parasitized hosts. Prior experience (learning) was not necessary for host discrimination, but it did influence the search rate, which was higher in inexperienced than experienced females. In choice experiments, wasps preferred conspecific- over self-parasitized aphids and thus were able to distinguish between them. It is suggested that oviposition markers vary among conspecific females. The data are discussed with reference to theories about oviposition decisions and progeny allocation in solitary hymenopteran parasitoids.

Résumé

Le parasitoïde solitaire Ephedrus californicus Baker est capable de discriminer entre des nymphes de troisième stade parasitées et non-parasitées du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Le niveau de superparasitisme a varié avec le nombre d’oeufs (qui dépend de l’âge) présents dans les ovaires ainsi qu’avec le nombre et la qualité de tout hôte rencontré. Le niveau de superparasitisme con-spécifique a varié avec l’âge des guêpes; des femelles âgées et possédant une grande réserve d’oeufs ont accepté des hôtes parasités par une femelle con-spécifique si des pucerons non-parasités n’étaient pas disponibles. Le superparasitisme personnel s’est produit à tous les âges; c’était le comportement le moins probable lorsque comparé à la ponte d’oeufs dans des hôtes non-parasités ou parasités par des individus con-spécifiques. Une expérience antérieure (apprentissage) n’a pas été nécessaire pour la discrimination d’hôtes, mais a influencé le taux de recherche, lequel était plus élevé chez les femelles sans expérience. Dans des tests de choix, les guêpes ont préféré des pucerons parasités par des individus con-spécifiques à des pucerons parasités par elles-mêmes et étaient donc capables de distinguer entre les deux. Il est suggéré que les marqueurs d’oviposition varient entre les femelles con-spécifiques. Les données sont discutées dans le contexte des théories concernant les décisions d’oviposition et l’allocation de la progéniture chez des hyménoptères parasitoïdes solitaires.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 122 , Issue 2 , April 1990 , pp. 349 - 361
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

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