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Density and location of simulated signs of injury affect efficacy of ground surveys for Asian longhorned beetle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Jean J. Turgeon ,
John Pedlar ,
Peter de Groot ,
Michael T. Smith ,
Chuck Jones ,
Mary Orr  and
Ben Gasman
Jean J. Turgeon*
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
John Pedlar
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Peter de Groot
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Michael T. Smith
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Laboratory, 501 South Chapel Street, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States of America
Chuck Jones
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Mary Orr
Affiliation:
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1124 Finch Avenue West, Unit 2, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 2E2
Ben Gasman
Affiliation:
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1124 Finch Avenue West, Unit 2, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 2E2
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: jean.turgeon@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca).
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Abstract

Surveys for signs of attack by Asian long-horned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), currently rely upon visual examination of trees to discover signs of attack. By embedding simulated A. glabripennis oviposition pits and exit holes on open-grown Norway maples, Acer platanoides L. (Aceraceae), we evaluated the effect of sign density, height (below or above 2.5m), and position (bole or branch) when foliage was present or absent on inspector ability to distinguish trees with or without signs. From this, we quantified detectability, or the proportion of trees correctly identified as infested, and determined the time taken to do so. Effectiveness in detecting trees with signs improved when sign density increased, when signs were below 2.5m, and when oviposition pits were located on boles and exit holes on branches. These main findings require some caveats, due to a number of significant interactions. Foliage presence/absence had no apparent influence on effectiveness; possible reasons are provided for this result. Time-to-find curves, which illustrated the proportion of inspectors who accurately identified an infested tree as a function of survey duration, revealed that for most treatment combinations, most infested trees were detected within the first 2 min of survey time. These findings provide baseline data to assist managers in designing effective protocols for ground surveys of A. glabripennis.

Résumé

Les relevés visant à déceler l'existence de populations du longicorne asiatique, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), sont basés actuellement sur un examen visuel des arbres qui a pour but de découvrir la présence de signes spécifiques d'attaques. Des encoches de ponte et des trous d'émergence ressemblant à ceux du longicorne asiatique ont été encastrés manuellement sur des érables de Norvège (Acer platanoides L. (Aceraceae)) isolés afin d'évaluer l'influence de la densité de ces signes, leur hauteur (i.e., à moins ou plus de 2,5 m du sol), et leur position (i.e., tronc ou branche), lorsque le feuillage était présent ou absent, sur l'habilité des inspecteurs à distinguer les arbres sans signes d'attaque de ceux possédant des signes artificiels. Ce protocole nous a également permis d'évaluer la proportion des arbres correctement identifiés comme étant attaqués artificiellement, et le temps moyen requis pour déceler ces arbres attaqués. L’efficacité des inspecteurs à déceler les arbres attaqués s’améliorait lorsque la densité de signes augmentait, lorsque les signes étaient placés a moins de 2,5 m, et lorsque les encoches de ponte étaient situées sur le tronc et les trous d'émergence sur les branches. Ces résultats sont accompagnés de quelques mises en garde due à la présence d'un certain nombre d'interactions significatives entre les facteurs principaux. La présence ou absence du feuillage n’a eu aucune influence apparente sur l'efficacité de détection: nous offrons quelques interprétations possible pour ce résultat. Des courbes illustrant la proportion des inspecteurs ayant correctement identifié un arbre attaqué en fonction de la durée de l'examen visuel de l'arbre, ont révélé que la plupart des arbres attaqués étaient décelés dans les deux premières minutes de l'examen, et ce pour la majorité des traitements. Les gestionnaires possèdent maintenant des données de base leur permettant de développer des protocoles efficace de dépistage du longicorne asiatique à partir du sol.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 142 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 80 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2010

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