^{page 81 note 1} A number of special circumstances applied in this audit-period. The audit-period 1587–88 overlapped with this; see Appendix I. Many payments were being held back, for already the Earl was running into heavy debt in this time of abandon; see Section III of the Introduction. Lastly, the Earl visited the Low Countries, leaving England on 13 Oct. 1588 and returning in Dec. Probably, he accompanied Sir John Norris to the Low Countries to recruit volunteers for the proposed attack on the Iberian peninsula; see Wernham, R. B., ‘ Queen Elizabeth and the Portugal Expedition of 1589 ’, Eng. Hist. Rev., lxvi (1951), 1–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 194–218, and references quoted there.

^{page 84 note 1} The total of the items listed is £611 13 s. 11¼ d., against the total given of £611 12 s. 3 d. The auditor has clearly missed the item against Mr Power's name of 1 s . 8¼ d.

^{page 85 note 1} This is the date of auditing and not the date of the termination of the audit-period.

^{page 86 note 1} 97 yards of black cloth were purchased of Mr Gibson, woollen draper, after the death of Katherine, Countess of Northumberland, in Oct. 1596 [48].

^{page 86 note 2} Mr Christmas was paid £7 10 s. for the furnace rent at £5 p.a. for 1½ yrs. ending Lady Day 1598 [48]. Thomas Christmas held the freehold of Vering at the northern end of Petworth manor where the furnace was situated; see Leconfield, Lord, Petworth Manor in the Seventeenth Century (Oxford, 1954), 99Google Scholar.

^{page 87 note 1} The entry conceals the tragedies of the deaths of Henry, Lord Percy, b. 20 June 1596, d. May 1597, and of the second Henry, Lord Percy, d. Sept. 1597. There is a memorial inscription to the first Lord Percy in Petworth Church; the second was buried in St Agnes' Church, Aldersgate, London.

^{page 88 note 1} The entry refers to repairs to Northumberland House, Aldersgate [48].

^{page 88 note 2} These rents and charges are in respect of the leases of lands in Wales from the Crown which the Countess derived from her first husband, Sir Thomas Perrot. The Countess had received a lease for 31 years of lands in Wales, formerly held by her father-in-law, Sir John Perrot, in June 1594: Cal. S.P. Dom. Eliz., ccxlix. 6. The annual rent charges were: lands in Pembrokeshire, £42 14 s. 4 d.; in Carmarthenshire, £173 3 s.; and a rent resolute forth of the Rectory of Pembrey, formerly held by the priory of Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, £1. A rent charge of £31 p.a. was payable to the Dean of Winchester in respect of the Rectory of Laugharne, Carmarthenshire. Some of the figures given in MS. here relate to 1 ½ yrs.

^{page 89 note 1} Northumberland House, Aldersgate, was sold for £1,000 to Robert Chamberlain, esquire, brother of John Chamberlain, the gossip-writer, on 1 Jan. 1606/7; see S.H.MSS. X. II. 26 (2).

^{page 89 note 2} This payment of £10 was the last instalment of £140 in respect of all the goods of Mr Skelton, forfeit to the Earl on account of felony in Cumberland [100].

^{page 89 note 3} Christopher Ingram had sold the aftermath of 69 acres at Syon this year for £16 10 s. [107].

^{page 89 note 4} £100 p.a. was paid to the Lieutenant of the Tower throughout the Earl's imprisonment, to compensate him for the loss of profit which he would have made on the Earl's provisions if he had supplied them.

^{page 90 note 1} The Earl rented a stable in Milford Lane at this time at £6 p.a., for the convenience of its situation for keeping horses for riding in the Tower grounds, which he was allowed to do in Coldharbour Court, and for his servants' use [106].

^{page 90 note 2} The Earl had a still-house built in the Tower for the distillation of medicines and spirits; it was demolished in 1609 by order of the authorities. See J. W. Shirley, ‘ The Scientific Experiments of Sir Walter Ralegh, The Wizard Earl, and The Three Magi in the Tower, 1603–17 ’, Ambix, iv. 52–66 (Dec. 1949).

^{page 90 note 3} John Smyth of Nibley had been acting as auditor to the Earl temporarily since 1604, when allegations had been made against the regular auditor, William Stockdale, notably by John Carvile. See e.g. S.H.MS. P. I. 3 g.

^{page 91 note 1} Mr Webbe and Mr Pory were paid £50 each as part of £226 19 s. 11 d. due to Mr Daines and Mr Compton, mercers [103].

^{page 91 note 2} Sir Allen Percy was given £369 on 23 Nov. 1607 in full payment of £669 for his fine to the King for the wardship of the daughter of Sir John Fitz, whom he had married [100]; Mr Carvell (Carvile)'s reward was for his pains in searching the records for Wressell and other places in Yorkshire over which suits were pending, and Mr Dod's for his pains in coming to see the Earl in the Tower [105]. Many of the rewards to ‘ diverse others ’ were to the servants of persons who sent delicacies into the Tower and to the keepers in the Tower for sundry small services.

^{page 93 note 1} The arrearage of Robert Fitzherbert, gentleman (cf. Appendix III), is an interesting example of the way in which a long-standing debt was transferred from one account to the next by the auditors for years until at last some eventuality, such as Powton's death in this case, led them to write off the sum. Robert Fitzherbert had received the money in 1610–11, ‘ imprested to him … at iij^e severall tymes ended the firste of October 1610 for which he hath not accompted ’ [122].

^{page 94 note 1} In 1609, one Godman, gentleman, had been paid £51 16 s. 2 d. for the lease of the Brick House on Tower Hill and for sundry implements there; Henry Timberley, gentleman, was paid £24 p.a. rent for the house from Michaelmas 1609 [117].

^{page 94 note 2} The Bowling Alley garden in the Tower was hired of a Mr Pegion or Pigeon at £2 p.a. [171].

^{page 94 note 3} Robert Flood records the expenditure of £8 4 s. in the previous year on painting two pieces of the dissection of the skull and a case to carry one to the Lord Percy, then at Cambridge [160].

^{page 95 note 1} Lord Percy and his tutor, Mr Horsmanden, were at Christ Church, Oxford, at this time. See Batho, G. R., ‘The education of a Stuart nobleman’, British Journal of Educational Studies, vol. 5 (May 1957), 131–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

^{page 95 note 2} Mr Bagwell was keeper of Oxford Castle, the town prison, where Mr William Percy had been a prisoner, presumably for debt. See Dodds, M. Hope, ‘ The financial affairs of a Jacobean gentleman ’, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4th Series, vol. xxii (Newcastle, 1944), 91–109Google Scholar.

^{page 95 note 3} The Earl purchased the Earl of Northampton's moiety of the manor of Byworth in 1617 and Sir Henry Goring's in 1619; as the manor was contiguous to Petworth, this was a useful addition to the estates. See S.H.MSS. X. II. 10 (14) and Leconfield MSS. D 1 / D 1.

^{page 95 note 4} The Earl purchased two tenements and two acres in Godalming of James Elliott this year [167].

^{page 97 note 1} The Earl had bought of Mr William Morley the mill and certain lands at Pagham for £1,816 16 s. on 6 July 1620 [179]. The nature of this composition does not emerge from the documents, but the payment was made annually throughout the 1620's.

^{page 97 note 2} This is in accordance with an agreement between Richard Montague, Rector, and other townsmen of Petworth, and the Earl, 1 Apr. 1625, Leconfield MS. O. D. 2/ Q. 1.

^{page 97 note 3} David Reignolds, late clerk of the kitchen to the Earl, is recorded as owing £58 8 s. 9 d. in Henry Taylor's account for 1622–23 [191], and small sums were paid in respect of this debt in the years following.

^{page 97 note 4} The account of William Mose, Controller, for 1627–28 is missing. The context suggests that this refers to the sale of materials from demolished cottages and not to the sale of properties as such.

^{page 98 note 1} Edmund Springall was admitted to a copyhold house next to Petworth House in Mar. 1626/7; this house subsequently passed to Nicholas Smart and was known as Springall's or as the Blue Lion in the 1630's. It evidently became an inn. (I am indebted for this information to Miss G. M. A. Beck.)

^{page 98 note 2} Christopher Ingram, clerk of the works at Syon, accounts for only £108 12 s. 10 d. of this expenditure [227]. Much of the remainder was no doubt spent by William Mose at Petworth, where considerable rebuilding was taking place at this time.

^{page 99 note 1} John Melton in recording this payment to Sir Guildford Slingsby refers to it as ‘ in lieu of his surrender of Stamford Bridge mills ’ [224].

^{page 99 note 2} Sir John Fenwick had been granted 100 marks a year out of the Earl's rents, as lieutenant of Tynemouth Castle, when the Earl was restored as governor, Cal. S.P. Dom. Jac. I, lxxxvi. 113, 28 Mar. 1616, and Fenwick was allowed to remain after the Earl's release from the Tower.

^{page 99 note 3} Sir William Hewitt, who was appointed receiver-general of compositions for the provisions of the King's household in 1623 (Cal. S.P. Dom. Jac. I, cxxxviii. 98), was paid in 1632 £557 10 s. in discharge of covenants between him and the ninth Earl concerning Brampton, S.H.MSS. U. I. 5, the general account for 1632–33.

^{page 100 note 1} The sixth Earl of Northumberland had given his lands to Henry VIII, L. & P. Hen. VIII, xii, pt. 1, no. 1121, 2 May 1537. The manors of Hunmanby, Nafferton, Wansford, Gembling and Kirk Leavington, Yorkshire, had been granted to Mathew, Earl of Lennox, his wife Margaret and their heirs. L. & P. Hen. VIII, xix, pt. 1, no. 1035. 96, 12 July 1544. One those heirs, James I, restored the income from these lands to the ninth Earl in 1603; E. B. de Fonblanque, Annals of the House of Percy (privately printed, 2 vols., 1887), ii. 246–47.

^{page 100 note 2} Robert Leeming was given £5 ‘ for service done about Wall Common and the [river] Oare at Stogursey for the year 1626, he having nothing then allowed, and for the like service done this year ’ [224].