^{page v note 1} Durham Cathedral libr., MSS. B. IV. 26 and 45.

^{page v note 2} Lambeth Palace libr., MS. 198. B. fo. 285.

^{page v note 3} Dugdale, W., Monasticon anglicanum, ed. J. Caley, etc. (London, 1817–30) iii. 230Google Scholar.

^{page v note 4} Cf. Chapman, F. R., Sacrist rolls of Ely (Cambridge, 1907) ii. 5Google Scholar.

^{page v note 5} Op. cit., ii. 5, 16.

^{page vi note 1} de Glanville, L., Histoire du prieuré de Saint-Lö de Rouen (Rouen, 1891), ii. 391–3Google Scholar.

^{page vi note 2} Cf. Articles against the abbot and monks of Whitby, , Chapters of the English Black Monks, ed. Pantin, W. A. (Camden Series, 1937) iii. 291Google Scholar : ‘capitulum annuale quod in singulis monasteriis singulis annis iuxta effectum statutorum Benedictinorum celebrari deberet.’

^{page vii note 1} Liber M (Diocesan Registry, Ely) p. 180, col. a.

^{page vii note 2} Ibid., p. 181, col. b.

^{page vii note 3} Ibid., p. 329, col. b.

^{page vii note 4} Cf. similar articles for Whitby in Chapters, ed. Pantin iii. 277 sqq.

^{page vii note 5} Dugdale, Monasticon, ed. Caley, etc., i. 457 sqq. ; Bentham, James, History and antiquities of the conventual and cathedral church of Ely (Cambridge, 1771) p. 45Google Scholarsqq.; Stewart, D. J., The architectural history of Ely cathedral (London, 1868)Google Scholar.

^{page viii note 1} The Galilee porch is generally dated circa 1215, and the additions to the infirmary, at both east and west, belong to the first decade of the century.

^{page viii note 2} Roger of Wendover, Flores Historiarum (Rolls Series) ii. 171.

^{page viii note 3} Cal. papal letters, i. 49, 55, 67.

^{page viii note 4} Brit. Mus. Cott. MS. Tib. B. II, fo. 246v sqq.

^{page viii note 5} Liber M—an early fourteenth century cartulary, now in the Diocesan Registry at Ely—shows a gradual acquisition of land by the monastery all through the thirteenth century.

^{page viii note 6} Brit. Mus. Harl. MS. 3721, fo. 84v.

^{page ix note 1} Through the enthusiasm of Bro. John of Wisbech.

^{page ix note 2} Crauden was a friend of Queen Philippa, who was a constant visitor at Ely. He died 25 Sept. 1341 and was succeeded by Alan of Walsingham.

^{page ix note 3} Described as ‘Flos operatorum ’. A goldsmith as well as monk. Possibly a member of the family of the hereditary goldsmiths of the priory, one of whom had been prior of the house (Salamon, prior 1291–9, and afterwards Bishop of Norwich) (Chapman, Sacrist rolls of Ely, i. 151).

^{page ix note 4} The bishop paid for the rebuilding of the three bays east of the central tower.

^{page ix note 5} The status prioratus of 1324–5 shows Prior Crauden grappling with the indebtedness of the house. He paid off a great part of Prior Fresingfield's debt.

^{page ix note 6} Stewart, op. cit., p. 207.

^{page ix note 7} Below, p. 49.

^{page ix note 8} Below, p. 63.

^{page x note 1} The obedientiary rolls and other sources have yielded a list of 36 monks who studied at Cambridge in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. But there are many gaps in these records.

^{page x note 2} 1515. 35 monks. 1534, 33. 1536, 32. 1539, 24.

^{page x note 3} Liber Eliensis, ed. D. J. Stewart (London, 1848) p. 282 note 3). The ordinances of 1241–54 state that the monks anciently numbered 70. Below, p. 1.

^{page x note 4} Register of Archbishop Robert de Winchelsey (Cant, and York Soc.) pp. 253–4.

^{page x note 5} Liber M, p. 177b.

^{page x note 6} Ely, Dean and Chapter muniments, charters no. 33.

^{page x note 7} Liber M, p. 195.

^{page x note 8} R. Graham, Trans. R. Hist. Soc, 4th series, xii. 54.

^{page x note 9} Cf. Eng. Hist. Rev., li (1936) 117.

^{page xi note 1} Below, p, 25.

^{page xi note 2} The four chaplains of the Chantry-on-the-Green did not actually live in the priory, though they celebrated in the cathedral.

^{page xi note 3} The almoner's roll for 1328–9 shows 23 boys and 2 masters, but in later years their numbers were much reduced.

^{page xii note 1} Savine, A., English monasteries on the eve of the Dissolution (Oxford, 1909)Google Scholar. These are the net figures given on pp. 270 sqq.

^{page xii note 2} Register of Archbishop Winchelsey, p. 253.

^{page xii note 3} Charters D and C, no. 109. 4 Charters D and C (Receipts for 10ths), 1275–80, no. 110.

^{page xii note 4} Graham, R., English Ecclesiastical Studies (London, 1929), pp. 271sqq.Google Scholar

^{page xiii note 1} Savine, op. cit., p. 288.

^{page xiii note 2} He had seven manors in Suffolk, seven in Cambridgeshire, ten in the Isle of Ely, as well as the Liberty of St. Etheldreda, a private franchise in Suffolk. 8 His management of his estate is exemplified in The Sacrist rolls of Ely, ed. F. R. Chapman.

^{page xiii note 3} Below, p. 31.

^{page xiii note 4} Below, p. 4.

^{page xiii note 5} Below, p. 24.

^{page xiii note 6} Except where the account of the manor bailiff has been preserved ; but these rolls are very defective at Ely.

^{page xiv note 1} Below, p. 52.

^{page xiv note 2} E.g. Hosteller's account, 1444–5 : ‘In expensis computantis et seruientis eiusdem equitancium usque Melreth’ et Wycheford’ per vices pro Rectoriis superuidendis et denariis recipiendis et aliis necessariis faciendis cum denariis datis parochianis. vj.s.x.d.’

^{page xiv note 3} Below, p. 54.

^{page xiv note 4} Bishop Thomas Arundel's register, Ely Diocesan Registry, fo. 14v.

^{page xv note 1} The Ordinances of 1314 (below, p. 42) provided that the obedientiary in charge of the weekly minucio should pay for his brethren's food, and this was re-enacted by Bishop Fordham in 1419 (Lambeth Library MS. 448 fo. 92 (formerly 71) ).

^{page xv note 2} Below, p. 63.

^{page xv note 3} There are gaps in the sequence of rolls of both officers.

^{page xv note 4} Regula S. Benedicti, cap. liii (ed. C. Butler, Freiburg, 1927, p. 99).

^{page xvi note 1} Below, pp. 21, 28, 30, 38.

^{page xvi note 2} E.g. Treasurer's roll 1423–4 : ‘In feodo Willelmi Hert’ auditoris per annum ij.li.

^{page xvi note 3} Chamberlain's roll 1375–6.

^{page xvi note 4} He is known to have visited the diocese in 1253 (Annales monastici (Rolls Series), i. 313–14). A papal judgment of 1246 ordered bishops to visit the cathedral church before visiting the diocese, and there is therefore a presumption that the archbishop visited Ely priory in 1253 (Sext, III. xx. i).

^{page xvi note 5} Vetus liber archidiaconi Eliensis (Cambridge Antiquarian Society's publications, 8vo series, No. xlviii (1917) ), p. 19.

^{page xvi note 6} Trans. R. Hist. Soc, 4th series, xii. 54; cf. Reg. J. Pecham, i, 46.

^{page xvi note 7} F. R. Chapman, Sacrist rolls of Ely, ii. 16 : ‘archiepiscopo pro visitacione sua pro Wynteworth’ is.’

^{page xvi note 8} Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 41612, fo. 46v.

^{page xvi note 9} Ibid., fo. 46v.

^{page xvi note 10} Ibid., fo. 85v.

^{page xvi note 11} Register of Bishop Thomas de Lisle (Ely Diocesan Registry) fo. 5.

^{page xvi note 12} Register of Archbishop William Witlesey (Lambeth Palace Library) fo. 152v.

^{page xvi note 13} Register of Bishop Thomas Arundel (Ely Diocesan Registry) fos. 19 and 21v.

^{page xvi note 14} Liber B (Ely Diocesan Registry) fo. 39.

^{page xvii note 1} Cal. papal letters, vi. 394.

^{page xvii note 2} Register of Bishop John Alcock (Ely Diocesan Registry) fo. 25.

^{page xvii note 3} Chapters of the English Black Monks, ed. W. A. Pantin, iii. 240.

^{page xvii note 4} Ibid., iii. 250.

^{page xvii note 5} Ibid., ii. 242.

^{page xvii note 6} Below, p. 65.

^{page xvii note 7} Bentham, op. cit., p. 224.

^{page xvii note 8} Bentham, op. cit., p. 190.

^{page xvii note 9} The marginalia appear to be in the same hand as the text.

^{page xvii note 10} Historical MSS. Comm., Report, vi. (1877) aPP., PP. 289 sqq.

^{page xvii note 11} The marginalia appear to be in the same hand as the text.

^{page xviii note 1} E.g. p. 147, n. 3, where Bentham refers to statutes made by Bishop Northwold to be found in ‘Liber A, pag. (sic) 73 ’. These are the ordinances printed on p. 1 below, from Add. MS. 9822 fo. 57 (formerly 73).

^{page xviii note 2} P. iii.

^{page xviii note 3} Supplement to Bentham's history and antiquities of Ely, by Stevenson, W. (Norwich, 1817) p. 82Google Scholar.

^{page xviii note 4} Gibbons, A., Ely episcopal records (Lincoln, 1891) p. v.Google Scholar

^{page xviii note 5} Bishop Wren's transcripts (Diocesan Registry, Ely) fo. 360.

^{page xix note 1} Walpole, the Ordinances of 1304 and 1314. and Orford.

^{page xix note 2} Orford, cap. 6 (p. 59), is made to cover the marginal titles De robis dandies and De conuiuiis.

^{page xix note 3} Cf. Walpole caps. 25 and 26, both of which come under the marginal title De elemosina.

^{page xix note 4} Cf. Ordinances of 1304, where caps. 1–9 come under Antigua consuetudo.

^{page xix note 5} Ordinances of 1241–54, Balsham, Arundel and Comperta of 1515.

^{page xix note 6} The first word of each of Bishop Gray's injunctions is indicated by capitals.

¹ Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 9822, fo. 57 (formerly fo. 73). The ordinances were made during the lifetime of Prior Walter, and during the episcopate of Bishop Hugh of Northwold. Prior Walter occurs in 1241 and died 13 May 1259 (Obituarium Eliense. Brit. Mus. Cotton MS., Vespas. A. VI, fo. 133V). Hugh of Northwold was elected 1229 and died in 1254.

^{page 1 note 2} I.e. £182 or 3,640 shillings a year.

^{page 2 note 1} See Introduction, p. x, for Bishop Hugh of Balsham's augmentation of the cellarer's income.

^{page 2 note 2} Orford in Suffolk. The prior and convent had port rights there, which were part of their liberty of St. Etheldreda (Ely, Dean and Chapter Muniments, charters, A. I. 4). Shippea was a manor near Ely.

^{page 2 note 3} Sister of St. Etheldreda.

^{page 2 note 4} The land at Berkyng and Wisbech was Bishop Hugh of Northwold's new grant for his anniversary. Liber M (Diocesan Registry, Ely), pp. 180, 181. Hadham tithes had been given in 1220 by Bishop John of Fountains for his anniversary. Liber M, p. 168.

^{page 2 note 5} Possibly the John medicus collated to the church of Bergham by the prior and convent c. 1163–9. Liber M, p. 205.

^{page 2 note 6} Prior Roger de Brigham, 1206–29.

^{page 2 note 7} See p. 55, where this customary payment is converted into gracie.

^{page 3 note 1} I.e., are not to be in the disposition of the prior.

^{page 3 note 2} Probably on the south side of the infirmary, and identical with ‘Seny Hall’. It has now disappeared. Atkinson, T. D., The architectural history of the Benedictine monastery of St. Etheldreda at Ely (Cambridge, 1933) p. 115Google Scholar.

^{page 3 note 3} 120 acres in the purprestures of Leverington. The deeds are complete in Liber M, pp. 166, 177, and 158 to 160.

¹ Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 9822, fos. 57V–58, collated with another copy in Bodleian Laud misc. MS. 647 fo. 157V, which has the heading Ordinacio episcopi super statu prioratus.

^{page 4 note 2} Bishop Hugh was formerly sub-prior of the house. Henry III made a strong protest against his election (Close Rolls 1256–9, pp. 108–9). Consecrated at Rome 14 Oct. 1257. Died 16 June 1286 at Doddington. He was founder of Peterhouse, Cambridge.

^{page 4 note 2} Brit. Mus. MS. omits ecclesie.

^{page 4 note 3} Brit. Mus. MS. reads indagati ; the Bodleian reading indagatis has been adopted.

^{page 4 note 4} Bodleian MS. inserts singulorum.

^{page 4 note 5} Brit. Mus. MS. reads corrigendo; the Bodleian reading corrigenda has been adopted.

^{page 4 note 6} Bodleian MS. inserts prioratus.

^{page 5 note 1} Bodleian MS. inserts Amen.

^{page 5 note 2} Bodleian MS. omits et.

^{page 5 note 3} Bodleian MS. reads vel.

^{page 5 note 4} Bodleian MS. reads prenotatis.

¹ Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 9822 fos. 49 sqq. (formerly fos. 65 sqq.). Ralph of Walpole was formerly archdeacon of Ely and then bishop of Norwich. He was translated by the pope to Ely after a disputed election 15 July 1299. Died 20 March 1302.

^{page 6 note 2} The words ‘statutes ’, ‘injunctions ’, ‘ordinances ’ are interchangeable in this connection. Cf. Coulton, G. G., ‘The interpretation of visitation documents ’, Eng. Hist. Rev., xxix (1914) 15sqqCrossRefGoogle Scholar.

^{page 7 note 1} Cf. Reg. S. Benedicti, cap. 43 ; Statutes of General Chapter 1249, ch. 35a (Chapters of the English Black Monks, ed. W. A. Pantin, i. 43) ; Statutes of Pope Gregory IX (Matt. Paris, Chron. majora (Rolls Series) vi. 235) ; and see p. 52 below.

^{page 7 note 2} Statutes of General Chapter 1343 allowed candles at the night-office. Pantin, op. cit., ii. 35.

^{page 7 note 3} MS. rectati.

^{page 7 note 4} Statutes of General Chapter 1277 decree four days. Pantin, op. cit., i. 70–1.

^{page 8 note 1} Four were ordered by the General Chapter 1277. Pantin, op. cit., i. 77.

^{page 9 note 1} MS. mitui.

^{page 9 note 2} Cf. Statutes of Pope Gregory IX, op. cit., p. 241.

^{page 9 note 3–3} Taken verbatim from the Constitutions of Ottobono, cap. 41 (Wilkins, , Concilia, London, 1737, ii. 16Google Scholar).

^{page 9 note 4} MS. officium.

^{page 10 note 1} MS. dom (-us erased).

^{page 10 note 2} MS. exigat.

^{page 11 note 1} Cf. Statutes of Pope Gregory IX, ch. 18, op. cit.

^{page 11 note 2} MS. monochorum.

^{page 11 note 3} MS. comparti.

^{page 11 note 4} MS. coninquiniant.

^{page 12 note 1} The vestry seems to have been in the west aisle of the south transept. This would be just outside the monks' choir.

^{page 12 note 2} MS. obseruari.

^{page 12 note 3} The ‘locutorium ’ probably stood south of the chapter house, in the east walk of the cloister, now destroyed.

^{page 12 note 4} MS. lasciviandi.

^{page 12 note 5} The great outer court to the south of the monastery, entered through the Ely Porta.

^{page 13 note 1} MS. monochorum. The almonry courtyard and gate, which stood east of the almonry. It is now destroyed.

^{page 13 note 2} In the south aisle of the presbytery.

^{page 13 note 3} SS. Etheldreda, Withburga and Sexburga.

^{page 13 note 4} Probably an altar in the south aisle of the nave next the door leading into the cloister (cf. Chapman, Sacrist rolls of Ely, i. 118).

^{page 13 note 6} Cf. Reg. S. Benedicti, cap. vi.

^{page 14 note 1} Ecclus. xxiii. 12.

^{page 14 note 2} MS. monochatum.

^{page 14 note 3} MS. probaliter.

^{page 14 note 4} MS. adds que.

^{page 15 note 1} MS. comede.

^{page 16 note 1–1} Verbatim quotation from Decretals III. 35. 6 (ed. Paris, 1612, col. 1199).

^{page 16 note 2} Insufficient provision was made for the refectory when the estates were divided between bishop and convent in 1109 (see introduction, p. x, n. 8). Possibly the rents here mentioned are those which were given over to the prior in 1241–54 (see above, p. 1).

^{page 17 note 1} MS. in.

^{page 17 note 2} Cf. Statutes of Pope Gregory IX, ch. 20, op. cit.

^{page 18 note 1} Generally thought to be in the north-east corner of the great cloister.

^{page 18 note 2} The cellarer's lodging was south-east of and contiguous to the cloister.

^{page 18 note 3} The ‘black hostelry ’ projected southward from the infirmary.

^{page 18 note 4} The bath-house is thought to have been south of the dorter.

^{page 18 note 5} The cemetery lay between the presbytery and the infirmary.

^{page 18 note 6} Cf. Statutes of Gregory IX, ch. 20, op. cit., p. 243.

^{page 19 note 1} MS. gesta.

^{page 19 note 2} Cf. Statutes of Gregory IX, ch. 12 op. cit., p. 240.

^{page 19 note 3} MS. presumat … castigetur.

^{page 21 note 1} The obedientiary rolls—except some of the treasurer's rolls—invariably give the name of the socius. The sacrist seems not to have had a socius till 1345–6

^{page 21 note 2} MS. convertantur.

^{page 22 note 1} MS. graua.

^{page 22 note 2} This must refer to the central tower of the cathedral, built early in the twelfth century. The western tower had been completed at the very end of the same century.

^{page 22 note 3} Omitted in MS.

^{page 22 note 4} MS. honeste.

^{page 23 note 1} MS. statutum.

^{page 23 note 2} At this time the Lady Chapel was in the south aisle of the presbytery, and the vestry must have backed on to the monks' choir-stalls in the south aisle. From here it would be possible to see into the old Lady Chapel.

¹ Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 41612 fo. 30V (formerly fo. 29V). See Introduction, p. xvii.

^{page 24 note 2} Prior 1303–21.

^{page 24 note 3} A manor in Lakenheath in Suffolk.

^{page 24 note 4} Probably Shippea Hill, near Mildenhall.

^{page 27 note 1} MS. eiis.

¹ Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 9822 fo. 58 (formerly fo. 74).

^{page 29 note 2} MS. sub.

^{page 29 note 3} MS. licenciant.

^{page 31 note 1} The appointment of the subprior, sacrist, cellarer and chamberlain belonged to the bishop (P.R.O., C. Inq. misc. rile 61(8)), the rest to the prior.

^{page 32 note 1} MS. superfluis.

^{page 32 note 2} The prior was John of Fresingfield.

^{page 33 note 1} The text of the following passage is corrupt, but the general sense clear.

^{page 33 note 2} MS. huius.

^{page 34 note 1} Cf. Introduction, p. x.

¹ Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 41612 fo. 31V (formerly 30v).

^{page 36 note 2} Prior 1303–21.

^{page 37 note 1} MS. coquinat.

^{page 37 note 2} Cf. ‘Solutum tegulatori pro emendacione claustri versus nigrum ostelarium, 7s.’ Chapman, op. cit., ii. 143. The ‘black hostelry ’ accommodated Benedictine monks who visited Ely.

^{page 38 note 1} MS. quo.

^{page 39 note 1} The feretrar in the fifteenth century sold nearly £3 worth of candles to pilgrims who visited the shrines during the 40 days' indulgence, called the feast of Dedication, granted by Pope Innocent IV, and confirmed by Alexander IV (Liber M, 172 and 173). The almonry schoolboys helped him to guard the candles and call the pilgrims. The income from the shrines was paid to the sacrist and accounted for by him. It usually came to £50 or £60 ; but in 1535–6 it had sunk to £4 13^s. 8d. (Feretrar's Rolls, transcribed and analysed by Rev. J. H. Crosby, D. & C. Library, Ely).

^{page 39 note 2} The fetters which a prisoner, set free by.the intervention of St. Etheldreda, hung upon the fourth pier (from the east) of the north arçade of the presbytery (Chapman, op. cit., i. 118).

^{page 40 note 1} sic, verb left out.

^{page 40 note 2} This is the only reference to the library at Ely.

^{page 42 note 1} MS. custodiam.

¹ Lambeth Palace Library Register of Archbishop Thomas Arundel, i. fo.491.

^{page 45 note 1} MS. debita.

^{page 45 note 2} MS. regis.

^{page 45 note 3} MS. disponenti.

^{page 48 note 1} William Walpole had held offices in the priory since 1370, and was sacrist in 1393. He was elected prior in 1397. The expenses of his election, amounting to £22 8s. gd., appear in the treasurer's account for the year. Letters from the archbishop to the prior and convent appear in a MS. letter book of Prior Edmund Walsingham reproaching them for failing to observe the agreement made with Prior William Walpole at his resignation. They were not supporting him sufficiently well.

^{page 50 note 1} Decretals, I. 6. 42.

^{page 50 note 2} He had been sacrist of the house, and was made abbot of Saffron Walden in 1390.

¹ Lambeth Pal. Library, Register of Archbishop Thomas Arundel, i. fo. 496V.

^{page 52 note 2} Cf. Constitutions of Pope Benedict XII, ch. 28 (Wilkins, Concilia, ii. 609). Cf. Statutes of Bishop Ralph of Walpole, above, p. 7.

^{page 52 note 5} Cf. Reg. S. Benedicti, cap. 42.

^{page 54 note 1} MS. alios amicos.

^{page 54 note 2} The text here is corrupt.

^{page 55 note 1} Cf. Reg. S. Benedicti, cap. 55.

^{page 55 note 2} See above, p. 2.

^{page 58 note 1} Matt. xi. 29.

^{page 58 note 2} Heb. xiii. 17.

^{page 58 note 3} S. Bernardi in Cantica Sermo xxiii.

^{page 58 note 4} Osee iv. 6, which runs ‘Quia tu scientiam repulisti ’.

^{page 59 note 1} The whole of this injunction is based on the Constitutions of Ottobono, ch. 39 (Wilkins, Concilia, ii. 16).

^{page 59 note 2} MS. quodquod.

^{page 59 note 3} MS. scripulus.

^{page 60 note 1} Eccles. iv. 10.

^{page 60 note 2} The prior was Henry Peterborough. Elected prior 1462. He was afflicted with dumbness in 1477, and bro. John Soham was appointed his coadjutor by Bishop William Gray on 24 June 1478. He was allowed a pension of £40 per annum and a chamber in the infirmary. He died 10 August 1480. Lambeth Palace Library, MS. 448 fo. 90.

^{page 60 note 3} MS. differat.

^{page 61 note 1} MS. Cupimus.

^{page 61 note 2} The construction of this sentence is faulty, but the sense is clear.

^{page 61 note 3} MS. inserts per.

^{page 63 note 1} Eccles. xix. 2.

^{page 63 note 2} MS. creatori.

^{page 64 note 1} I Tim. iv. 8.

¹ Lambeth Palace Library, Register of Archbishop William Warham, fo. 277r.

Bishop James Stanley died on 22 March 1514–5, and Master William Fayrhaer was appointed by commission to administer the vacant see on 24 March. He held this visitation on the 3rd April following.

^{page 65 note 2} William Folliott 1515–6.

^{page 65 note 3} See above, p. 2.

^{page 66 note 1} MS. posse.

^{page 67 note 1} MS. prandia.