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Shamanism and Rock Art in Far Western North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2008

David S Whitley
David S Whitley
Affiliation:
Rock Art ArchiveInstitute of ArchaeologyUCLA Los Angeles CA 90024, USA
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Extract

Ethnographic data on the production of rock art in far western North America - the historic hunter-gatherer cultures of California and the Great Basin - are reviewed and analyzed to identify widespread patterns in the origin and, in certain cases, symbolism of the late prehistoric/historical parietal art of this region. These data, collected in the first few decades of this century by a variety of ethnographers, suggest only two origins for the art: production by shamans; and production by initiates in ritual cults. In both instances, the artists were apparently depicting the culturally-conditioned visions or hallucinations they experienced during altered states of consciousness. The symbolism of two sites, Tulare-19 and Ventura-195, is considered in more detail to demonstrate how beliefs about the supernatural world, and the shaman's relationship to this realm, were graphically portrayed.

Type
Articles
Information
Cambridge Archaeological Journal , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , April 1992 , pp. 89 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research 1992

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