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Lives in exile: foreign political refugees in early independent Greece (1830–53)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2019

Christos Aliprantis
Christos Aliprantis*
Affiliation:
University of Cambridgeca474@cam.ac.uk
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Abstract

This article discusses the stay in Greece of Italian and Polish political refugees of the 1830–1 and 1848–9 European revolutions. The article depicts the human geography of the refugees and examines the experience of exile both collectively and individually. Apart from studying the émigré communities as a whole in Athens, Patras and Syros, this paper also analyses the problems and expectations of specific refugees in Greece after 1849 (e.g. Antonio Morandi, Marco Antonio Canini, Oronzio Spinazzolla). This contribution thus adds to our understanding of both Greece under King Otto and the Mediterranean by highlighting aspects of transnational mobility and interaction of peoples and ideas in the mid-nineteenth century.

Keywords

revolutions of 1830–1 and 1848–9Modern GreeceItalian and Polish political refugees
Type
Articles
Information
Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , Volume 43 , Issue 2 , October 2019 , pp. 243 - 261
Copyright
Copyright © Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies, University of Birmingham, 2019 

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Footnotes

I would like to thank Panagiotis Delis, Basil Gounaris, Kostas Kostis, Maria Christina Chatziioannou, Evanthis Hatzivassileiou, Miltos Pechlivanos and Jacek Knopek for the constructive discussions and feedback on earlier versions of this paper. Researching and writing were funded by the Alexander Onassis Foundation, the A. G. Leventis Foundation, the Foundation for Education and European Culture, the DAAD, and the Richard Plaschka Grant of the Austrian Exchange Service (OeAD).

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96 Vlachogiannis, G. (ed.), Στρατηγού Μακρυγιάννη Απομνημονεύματα (Athens 1907) II 445–7Google Scholar.

97 Athens police to interior minister, No. 486, 537, 2883, 1288, 6, 7, 13, 21 February 1852, ΓΑΚ, ΑΥΕΣ, file: refugees 1852. The number is given in Austrian ambassador to foreign minister, No. 7, 2 March 1852, ÖS, HHStA, PA, XVI. 18.

98 For instance Αιών, 7 February; Εφημερίς της Ανατολής, 23 February 1852 for the liberal critique, and N. Dragoumis, Ιστορικαί σημειώσεις (Athens 1879) II 227 for a conservative view.

99 ΓΑΚ, Ιστορικά αρχεία Γιάννη Βλαχογιάννη, file 288: Έγγραφα δίκης Σπυρομήλιου, 1851–55; Δίκη του υποστράτηγου πρώην υπουργού των στρατιωτικών Σ. Μήλιου (Athens 1855).

100 Austrian ambassador to foreign minister, Νο.6Β, 24 February 1852, ÖS, HHStA, AHP, Athen 1852.

101 Hansen, W. (ed.), Das Attentat auf Se. Majestät Kaiser Franz Josef I. am 18. Februar 1853 (Vienna 1853)Google Scholar; Pollini, L., La rivolta di Milano del 6 febbraio 1853 (Milan 1953)Google Scholar.

102 Interior minister to state prefects, No. 27/4481, 6 March 1853, AIEE.

103 Austrian ambassador to foreign minister, No. 19A-D, 20 May 1853, ÖS, HHStA, AHP, Athen 1853; on Spinazzolla, ÖS, HHStA, IB, BM-Akten, Krt.110, Zl. 98/1857; Archivio storico per la Calabria e la Lucania 25–26 (1956) 295–6.

104 Austrian ambassador to foreign minister, No. 22B, 23C, 10, 17 June 1853, ÖS, HHStA, AHP, Athen 1853; ΓΑΚ, ΑνΌ, file: 399.3. Πολιτικές συνομωσίες.

105 Patras police to prefect of Achaea, Νο. 576, 8 October 1851, ΓΑΚ, ΑΥΕΣ, file: refugees 1851; interior minister to foreign minister, Νο. 7496, 857, 2 October, 5 November 1851, ΑΥΕΞ, file: refugees 1851.

106 Austrian ambassador to foreign minister, No. 24A-C, 31C, 24 June, 12 August 1853, ÖS, HHStA, AHP, Athen 1853.

107 Donta, D., Η Ελλάς και αι Δυνάμεις κατά τον Κριμαϊκόν Πόλεμον (Thessaloniki 1973)Google Scholar.

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110 Reill, Nationalists, passim.

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112 Zanou, Transnational Patriotism, 207–14.

113 Pécout, G., ‘Philhellenism in Italy: political friendship and the Italian volunteers in the Mediterranean in the nineteenth century’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies 9/4 (2004) 405–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, ‘Pour une lecture méditerranéenne et transnationale du Risorgimento’, Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle 44 (2012) 29–47.

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