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The Cyprus question, 1949–1952: British attitude, American reactions and Greek dilemmas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2016

Ioannis D. Stefanidis
Ioannis D. Stefanidis*
Affiliation:
London School of Economics
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Extract

The present study is an attempt to construe the position of Britain and the US as well as Greek reactions with regard to the Cyprus question at a stage which preceded its internationalisation and the concurrent deterioration of Anglo-Greek and Greek-Turkish relations. There is a voluminous bibliography on the problem, which has developed into one of the major international entanglements of our time. Most works on the Cyprus question, in the form of either general scholarly works or memoirs, devote very little space to the 1949–1952 period — when they do not overlook it entirely. A notable exception is Angelos Vlachos’ Deka hronia Kypriako (Ten Years of Cyprus Question) which mainly examines the attitude of the Greek government and the Greek-Cypriot Ethnarchy towards the question of Enosis. Francois Crouzet’s Le Conflict de Chypre, 1946–1959, on the other hand, published in 1973, offers a rather limited insight of the question at its early stage given the absence of relevant primary sources at that time. The present paper, however, is primarily based on British and American diplomatic records.

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Articles:
Information
Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , Volume 15 , 1991 , pp. 212 - 268
Copyright
Copyright © The Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies, University of Birmingham 1991

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References

1. Louis, Wm. Roger, The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945–1951 (Oxford 1985) 205–213.Google Scholar

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5. Mary Fisher, Colonial Office, to Edmund Peck, Foreign Office, 10 May 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78422, R 4853; Andrew Wright, Governor of Cyprus, to Arthur Creech-Jones, Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11375; Wright to Creech-Jones, 10 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11540.

6. Wright to Creech-Jones, 19 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78426, R 11842; Foreign Office to HMG Representatives, 13 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87716, 1081/44; Porter to Dept of State, tel. 102, NA, DS 849C.00/12–2449; Vlachos, op. cit., pp.19–24.

7. Foreign Office minute by Rumbold, 16 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 87715, 1081/10; Chancery, British Embassy, Athens, to Southern Dept., Foreign Office, 4 August 1949, PRO, FO 371, R 7674.

8. Rumbold to Clifford Norton, British Ambassador to Greece, 14 Nov. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78424, R 10544; Wright to Creech-Jones, 25 Nov. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11187; Wright to Creech-Jones, 5 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11460; Foreign Office to British Embassy, Athens, 13 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11485.

9. Rumbold to Norton, 14 Nov. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78424, R 10544; Norton to Foreign Office, 26 Nov. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11111; Norton to Foreign Office, 2 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11316.

10. Norton to Foreign Office, 13 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11617; Henry Grady to Dept of State, tel. 9, NA, DS 747C.00/1–350.

11. Norton to Foreign Office, 15 Dec. 1949, tel. 895, PRO, FO 371, 78426, R 11654; Norton to Foreign Office, 15 Dec. 1949, tel. 896, PRO, FO 371, 78426, R 11666; to Foreign Office, 16 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78426, R 11685; Norton to Foreign Office, 17 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78426, R 11706.

12. Foreign Office to Athens, 13 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11485; Norton to Bateman, 29 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78427, R 11866; Foreign Office minute by Rumbold, 16 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 87715, 1081/10.

13. Rankin to Acheson, desp. 224, NA, DS 849C.00/3–2349; Acheson, to Nicosia, Tel. 55, NA, DS 849C.0O/9–3O49; Norton to Foreign Office (reporting on conversation with US Ambassador Grady), 24 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78427, R 11914.

14. Porter to Dept of State, A-35, NA, DS 849C.00/4–1849; memo, of conversation with Paul Economou-Gouras, Greek Minister in Washington, by Leonard Cromie, NA, DS 747C.00/1–1250; ‘Agreed Conclusions of the Conference of Near Eastern Chiefs of Mission’, Istanbul, Nov. 26–29, 1949, Foreign Relations of the United States (hereafter referred to as FRUS) 1949, VI (Government Printing Office, Washington 1976) 171.

15. ‘Free Greece’ special broadcast to Cyprus, BBC monitoring service, 5 May 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78422, R 4849; broadcasts on Cyprus, BBC monitoring service, 14–18 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87717, 1081/65.

16. Norton to Foreign Office, 18 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87715,1081/32; Foreign Office to Athens, 8 May 1950, 87718, 1081/89; in early January 1950, Christopher M. Woodhouse joined the campaign pointing out that by championing Enosis the Communists in Greece and Cyprus could ‘pose as patriots again’, create difficulties between the British and their allies by attacking colonialism and looked forward to take control of Greece as well as Cyprus if they ever came to power: ‘Greece’s “Great Idea’”, Spectator, 27 Jan. 1950.

17. ‘Agreed Conclusions of the Conference of Near Eastern Chiefs of Mission’, Istanbul, Nov. 26–29, 1949, FRUS 1949, VI, p.171; Norton to Bateman, 8 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11613; Memo, on Istanbul Conference, Rumbold to J.S. Bennett, Colonial Office, 2 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 78427, R 12052.

18. David Kelly, British Ambassador, Ankara, to Geoffrey Wallinger, Foreign Office, 28 Dec. 1848, PRO, FO 371, 78420, R 9; Foreign Office to HM Representatives, 26 Jan. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78420, R 200; Turnbull to Colonial Office, 16 Jan. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78420, R 1187; Kelly to Foreign Office, 29 Jan. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78420, R 1097.

19. Rankin to Acheson, desp. 224, NA, DS 849C.00/3–2349; Acheson, to Nicosia, tel. 55, NA, DS 849C.00/9–3049.

20. Louis, op. cit., pp.209, 212 note 23; Foreign Office to HM Representatives, 26 Jan. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78420, R 200.

21. Fazil Kiichiik to Foreign Office, PRO, FO 371, 78425, 11533; N. Charles, British Ambassador, Ankara, to Foreign Office, 17 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 87426, R 11708; Charles to Foreign Office, 21 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78427, R 11889; Charles to Hector McNeil, Minister of State, 25 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87716, 1081/45; Porter to Dept of State, A-3, NA, DS 747C.00/1–650; regarding the reaction of the Turkish-Cypriot community to the Ethnarchy plebiscite and the idea of Enosis see also Mihalopoulos, Dimitris, Ellada ke Turkia, 1950–1959: i haméni prosséngissi (Greece and Turkey 1950–1959: the Lost Rapprochement) (Athens 1989) 21–27 Google Scholar; see, also, Vlachos, op. cit., pp.26–27.

22. RumboId to Bennett, 2 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 78427, R 12052; Charles to Hector McNeil, Minister of State, 25 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87716, 1081/45; minutes by A. Rumbold, ibid.

23. Wright to Creech-Jones, 19Dec. 1949, PRO, F0 371, 78426, R 11842; Foreign Office to HM Representatives, 13 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371 87716, 1081/44; Wright to Creech-Jones, 18 Jan. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87716, 1081/39; ‘The Greek Desire for Cyprus’, Foreign Office memo., 24 April 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87719, 1081/90.

24. Norton to Bateman, 8 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78425, R 11613; Norton to Bateman, 29 Nov. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 78426, R 11683.

25. ‘Cyprus’, Foreign Office minute by Rumbold, 16 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 87715, 1081/10.

26. ‘Cyprus’, Foreign Office minute by Rumbold, 16 Dec. 1949, PRO, FO 371, 87715, 1081/10; Kenneth Younger, Minister of State, to Norton, 6 Jan. 1950, PRO, F0 371, 78427, R 11866.

27. Paper on Cyprus prepared by the Colonial and the Foreign Office, April 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87719, 1081/91.

28. Rumbold to Norton, 30 May 1950, PRO, F0371, 87719, 1081/104; Rumbold to Norton, 13 June 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87719, 1081/104.

29. Sked, Alan, Post-War Britain: a Political History (London 1984) 85, 98–99 Google Scholar; Chancery, British Embassy, Athens, to Southern Department, 20 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87719, 1081/108.

30. Kranidiotis, op. cit., pp.37–43; Vlachos, op. cit., pp.22–23; Porter to Dept of State, tel. 10, NA, DS 747C.00/1–2550.

31. Porter to Dept of State, Tel. 10, NA, DS 747C.00/1–2550; Vlachos, op. cit., p.30.

32. Norton to Bevin, 19 April 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87718, 1081/84; Foreign Office to Athens, 8 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87718, 1081/89; Norton to Foreign Office, 10 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87719, 1081/95; Norton to Foreign Office, 17 May 1950, 87719, 1081/98.

33. Robert Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 976, NA, DS 747C.OO/6–2150.

34. Norton to Foreign Office, 24 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87719,1081/107; Norton to Foreign Office, 25 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87720, 1081/114; Norton to Foreign Office, 27 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87720, 1081/116; Vlachos, op. cit., pp.31–33.

35. Norton to Foreign Office, 15 June 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87720, 1081/134; Norton to Foreign Office, 23 June, PRO, FO 371, 87721, 1081/140; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 976, NA, DS 747C.O0/6–2150.

36. Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 27, NA, DS 747C.0O/7–65O; Vlachos, op. cit., p.34.

37. Greek Bulletin, Greek Information Office, London, 7 July 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87721, 1081/156; ‘Resolution about Cyprus passed on 26 July by the Greek Chamber of Deputies’, PRO, FO 371, 87722, 1081/163.

38. Ponsonby M. Crosthwaite, British Embassy, Athens, to Bevin, 8 Aug. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87722, 1081/169; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 27, NA, DS 747C.00/7–650; Vlachos, op. cit., pp.32, 35.

39. Norton to Foreign Office, 18 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87719,1081/100; Foreign Office to Athens, 23 May 1950, ibid.; Norton to Rumbold, 19 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87719, 1081/104.

40. Reports in the Greek press that Dugdale dismissed the plebiscite as non-valid and even went as far as to claim that the Cypriots would fare better under British rule than Greek citing the Dodecanese as an example of Greek inability to administer efficiently newly acquired territory: Norton to Foreign Office, 23 June 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87720, 1081/139; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 27, NA, DS 747C.oo/7–650; Vlachos, op. cit., p.28.

41. Norton to Rumbold, 26 May 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87720, 1081/118; Norton to Younger, 29 June 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87721, 1081/152; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 976, NA, DS 747C.00/6–2150; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 27, NA, DS 747C.00/7–650.

42. Norton to Younger, 29 June 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87721, 1081/152.

43. Extract from Czechoslovak News Agency Bulletin, PRO, FO 371, 87723, 1081/187; Porter to Dept of State, tel. 30, NA, DS 747C.00/9–650; Porter to Dept of State, tel. 35, NA, DS 747C.0O/9–1150; Margaret Tibbetts, US Embassy, London, to Dept of State, desp. 1269, NA, DS 747C.00/9–1650; Vlachos, op. cit., pp.30–31.

44. Tibbetts to Dept of State, desp. 2434, NA, DS 747C.O0/5–185O; Tibbetts to Dept of State, desp. 1269, NA, DS 747C.O0/9–1650.

45. P.S. Stephens, British Embassy, Washington, to Rumbold, 2 June 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87720, 1081/128; ‘Union of Cyprus with Greece’, Hare, NEA, to McFall, NA, DS 747C.00/6–2550.

46. Acheson to the Embassy in Greece, June 27,2950, FRUS 1950, V, pp.378–379; Norton to Rumbold, 6 July 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87721, 1081/157.

47. Dept. of State to American Diplomatic Officers, tel. 1225, NA, DS 747C.00/7–2650; James Webb, US Under-Secretary of State, to Nicosia, tel. 16, NA, DS 747C.00/9–1650; ‘Cyprus Question: US Position towards Voting in General Com mittee*, memo, by Wainhouse, UNP, to Hickerson, UNA, NA, DS 747C.00/10–250; Hickerson to Wainhouse, NA, DS 747C.0O/10–650.

48. Franks to Foreign Office, PRO, FO 371, 87723, 1081/191; memo, of conversation between Cyprus Ethnarchy Delegation and McFall, by Norbert Anschuetz, NA, DS 747C.00/0–1350.

49. Norton to Bevin, 2 Jan. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/3.

50. The author’s PhD thesis entitled ‘The US, Britain and Greece: the Problem of Greek Security and Internal Stability’ deals extensively with the issues facing US and UK policies in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East.

51. Hoyer-Millar to Rumbold, 14 July 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87722, 1081/158; Franks to Foreign Office, 20 Sept. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87723, 1081/193; letter from Lord Tedder to General Omar Bradley, Oct. 1950, PRO, FO 371, 1081/199; approved summary of conclusions and agreements reached at a meeting of US and UK Chiefs of Staff, 23 Oct. 1950, FRUS 1950, III, p. 1688.

52. Regional Policy Statement: Greece, Turkey, Iran, paper prepared in the Office of Greek, Turkish and Iranian Affairs (GTI), Washington, Dec. 28, 1950, FRUS1950, VI, pp.256, 260; Carl Bartch, US Vice Consul, Nicosia, to Dept of State, desp. 155, NA, DS 747C.00/3–1451.

53. Lloyd to Air Marshal Elliot, April 1950, PRO, FO 371, 87718, 1081/85; Chancery, British Embassy, Athens, to Southern Dept, Foreign Office, 31 Jan. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95115, 10113/4; George Jellicoe, British Embassy, Washington, to Lord Talbot de Malahide, 5 Feb. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/8; Mary Fisher, Colonial Office, to W.A.C. Mathieson, UK Delegation to the UN, 15 March 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95115, 10113/5.

54. Eleftheria (Athens daily), 11 Feb. 1951; letter from Makarios to Acheson, desp. 135, Nicosia, NA, DS 747C.00/2–1451; Bartch to Dept of State, desp. 155, NA, DS 747C.00/3–1451; Jellicoe to Herbert Morrison, British Foreign Secretary, 15 March 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/33.

55. ‘Sovereignty of Cyprus — Background’, COS Committee, 24 April 1951, Cabinet, Defence Committee papers (hereafter referred to as DEFE), series 5, COS (51) 245; J.S. Bennett, Colonial Office, to N.J.A. Cheetham, Foreign Office, 27 July 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95115, 10113/16.

56. Porter to Dept of State, tel. 10, NA, DS 747C.00/1–2550; Bartch to Dept of State, desp. 155, NA, DS 747C.00/3–1451; Vlachos, op. cit., pp.36–40, 42–43.

57. Norton to Strang, 13 March 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/32; Charles ost, US Minister in Greece, to Dept of State, Feb. 20, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.528–529; Bartch to Dept of State, desp. 155, NA, DS 747C.00/3–1451; Peurifoy to Dept of State, March 22, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.529–531.

58. Norton to Foreign Office, 16 Feb. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, Norton to Bevin, 21 Feb. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/18; Yost to Dept of State, Feb. 20. 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.528–529.

59. Norton to Bevin, 2 Jan. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/3; memo, of conversation between Melas and William Strang, 19 Feb. 1051, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/16.

60. Norton to Morrison, 14 March 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/32; Norton to Foreign Office, 19 March 1951, 95132, 1081/35; Peurifoy to Dept of State, Tel. 3074, NA, DS 747C.00/3–1951.

61. Vlachos, op. cit., pp.45–46.

62. Ibid., pp.47–50.

63. Memo, of conversation between Morison and Melas, 2 May 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/57.

64. Norton to Foreign Office, tel. 102 and 103, 11 May 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/62 and 63; Norton to Foreign Office, 23 May 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/72.

65. Jellicoe to Lord Talbot, 15 May 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/69; Acheson to Embassy in Greece, May 2, 1951, FRUS 1951, V. p.531; Yost to Dept of State, May 4, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.532–533; Acheson to Embassy in Greece, May 9, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.533–534.

66. Peurifoy to Dept of State, March 22, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.529–531.

67. Norton to Morrison, 28 March 195 PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/39.

68. Jellicoe to Morrison, 15 March 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95132, 1081/33; Jellicoe to Lord Talbot, 3 April 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/45.

69. Norton to Foreign Office, 6 April 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/46; Norton to Morrison, 18 April 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/47; Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 3345, NA, DS 747C.00/4–751.

70. Charles to Morrison, 23 April 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/55; Charles to Morrison, 1 May 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/60; memo, of conversation between Melas and Morrison, 2 May 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/60; Yost to Dept of State, May 4, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.532–533.

71. Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 3595, NA, DS 981. 61/4–2551; memo, of conversation between Feridun Erkin, Turkish Ambassador, and Burton Berry, NEA, July 26, 1951, FRUS 1951, V. pp.534–535.

72. Jellicoe to Morrison, 15 March 1951, PRO, F0 371, 95132, 1081/45; Bernard Burrows, British Embassy, Washington, to Cheetham, 12 June 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95147, 1214/2; Acheson to Embassy in Greece, May 9, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, p.534.

73. Foreign Office minute by Barnes, 30 March 1951, PRO, FO 371,95132,1081/32; Memo, by the War Office, COS Committee, 24 April 1951, PRO, DEFE 5/31, COS (51) 245; Norton to Morrison, 16 May 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95133, 1081/68; J.M. Martin, Colonial Office, to Mason, Foreign Office, 10 July 1951, PRO, FO 371; 95134, 1081/81; Peurifoy to Dept of State, Aug. 31, 1951, FRUS 1951, V. pp.536–537.

74. British aide-memoire on Cyprus, 13 Aug. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95134,1081/88; memo, of conversation, between K.D. Jamieson, Second Secretary, British Embassy, and Hickerson, UNA, Washington, Aug. 14, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.535–536.

75. British aide-memoire on Cyprus, 13 Aug. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95134,1081/88; memo, of conversation, between Jamieson and Jefferson Jones, UND, Kitain, BNA, and Ben Dixon, GTI, Washington, Oct. 1, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.537–539; aide-memoire from the Dept of State to the British Embassy, Oct. 1, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.539–540.

76. Barnes, Foreign Office, to Lt Col Fitzgeorge Balfour, Ministry of Defence, 27 Oct. 1951, PRO, FO 371 95134, 1081/88; memo, of conversation, between Jamieson and Jefferson Jones, UND, Kitain, BNA, and Ben Dixon, GTI, Washington, Oct. 1, 1951, FRUS 1951, V, pp.537–539.

77. Chancery to Southern Dept., 18 Oct. 1951, PRO FO 371, 95134,. 1081/91. Vlachos, op. cit., pp.54–55.

78. Letter from the Foreign Office to the Secretary, COS Committee, 7 Sept. 1951, PRO, DEFE 5/33, COS (51) 519; Acheson to Embassy in Greece, Oct. 12, 1951, FRUS1951, III, pp.593–594; Acheson to Spofford, US Deputy Rep. on North Atlantic Council, Oct. 20, 1951, FRUS 1951, III, pp.600–601.

79. Cambell, John C., Defence of the Middle East: Problems of American Policy (New York 1960) 198–199 Google Scholar; Eden, Anthony, The Memoirs of the Rt. Hon. Sir Anthony Eden: Full Circle (London 1960) 244–245 Google Scholar; Cabinet Committee, meeting of 29 Oct. 1952, PRO, CAB 128/24, CC (52) 91.

80. Memo, from Howard, NEA, to Porter, GTI, NA, DS 747C.0O/1–1452; Vlachos, op. cit., pp.54–55.

81. Foreign Office to British Embassy, Athens, 16 Nov. 1951, PRO, FO 371,95134, 1081/95.

82. Following Mavros’ intervention at the Forth Committee, the representative of Poland accused the Greek government for not daring to raise the matter of Cyprus despite the desire of its population’s for union with Greece: ‘The Cypriot Problem at the 6th Session of the General Assembly’, memo, from Howard, NEA, to Porter, NA, DS 747C.0O/1–1452; Vlachos, op cit., 55–56; Spiros Linardatos, Apo ton emfilio sti Hounta (From Civil War to the Junta), vol. I (Athens 1977) 354–359.

83. Charles Peake to Foreign Office, 24 Nov. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95134, 1081/103; John Galsworthy to Southern Dept., 28 Nov. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 1081/109.

84. Averoff, Evangelos, Istoria haminon efkeridn, 1950–1963 (A Story of Lost Opportunities), vol. I (Athens 1982) 37–39 Google Scholar; Peake to Foreign Office, 24 Nov. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95134, 1081/103; Eden to Foreign Office, Rome, 29 Nov. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95128.

85. Foreign Office minute, 26 Nov. 1951, PRO, FO 371, 95134, 1081/105; David Scott Fox, British Embassy, Ankara, to Cheetham, 23 June 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101811, 1081/37.

86. Wright to Oliver Lyttelton, Colonial Secretary, 5 May 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101811, 1081/21; Peake to Eden, 30 July 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101812, 1081/50; Wagner to Dept of State, desp. 272, NA, DS 747C.00/4–2552. Vlachos, op. cit.t pp.40, 56; Kranidiotis, op. cit., pp.44–51.

87. Lyttelton to Eden, 10 April 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101810, 1081/16; Eden to Lyttelton, 29 April 1952, ibid.

88. BBC Monitoring Service, 14 May 1952, PRO, FO 371, 1018811, 1081/22; Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 4802, NA, DS 747C.0O/5–952; Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 4922, NA, DS 747C.00/5–1652.

89. Peake to Strange, 31 May 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101811, 1081/27.

90. Memo, of conversation with King Paul, by Strange, 28 Feb. 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101808, 1052/1; notes by Lord Halifax, 9 May 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101807, 1051/2; Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 5449, NA, DS 747C.O0/6–2452.

91. Galsworthy to Western and Southern Depts, 11 June 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101811, 1081/30; Galsworthy to Western and Southern Depts, 20 June 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101811, 1081/39; Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 5449, NA, DS 747C.O0/6–2452; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 190, NA, DS 747C.00/8–1452.

92. Foreign Office minute by David Murray, 20 June 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101811, 1081//34; Foreign Office minute by Anthony Nutting, 20 June 1952, PRo, FO 371, 101811, 1081/36; Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 5449, NA, DS 747C.00/6–2452; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 190, NA, DS 747C.00/8–1452.

93. Minute of conversation with Melas, by Strange, 20 June 1952, PRO, FO 371,

101811, 1081/35.

94. Galsworthy to Western and Southern Depts, 23 June 1952, PRO, FO 371,

101812, 1081/40; Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 5449, NA, DS 747C.00/6–2452.

95. Minutes by D.I. Dunnett, 20 June 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101811, 1081/30; Gals worthy to Western and Southern Depts, 25 June 1952, PRO, FO 371,101812,1081/41; minute by D.N. Royce, 14 July 1952, PRO, FO 371 101812, 1081/43; Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 51, NA, DS 747C.O0/7–552.

96. Peake to Eden, 7 July 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101812, 1081/44; Peake to Eden, 14 July 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101812, 1081/46.

97. Peurifoy to Dept of State, tel. 83, NA, DS 747C.00/7–852; Gross, US UN Delegation, New York, to Dept of State, tel. 29, NA, DS 747C.00/7–952; Acheson to US UN Delegation, tel. 28, July 11,1952, NA. DS 747C.00/7–952; Acheson to US Embassy in Athens, NA, DS 747C.00/7–1852.

98. Averoff, op. cit., pp.34–36; Galsworthy to Western and Southern Depts, 23 July 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101812, 1081/48; PRO, FO 371, 101807, 1051/4; Peake to Strang, 27 July 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101807, 1051/5; minutes by Barnes, 4 Sept. 1952, ibid.; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 190, NA, DS 747C.00/8–1452. Apart from Cyprus, other points of friction were the recognition of Farouk as King of Sudan, at a time when the British were committed to Sudanese independence; the initiative of the Plastiras government to expropriate large estates belonging to British concerns of the Lake Copais Company: London felt obliged to stage representations in defence of these interests. British resentment was manifested on 19 July, when the Embassy failed to invite Venizelos to a dinner in honour of Lord Mountbatten, where the Greek royal couple and the US Ambassador were present.

99. Peurifoy to Acheson, tel. 271, NA, DS 41.81/7–2252.

100. Galsworthy to Western and Southern Depts, 28 July 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101812, 1081/49; Peake to Eden, 30 July 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101812, 1081/50; Memminger to Dept of State, desp. 190, NA, DS 747C.00/8–1452; Vlachos, op. cit., pp.57–58.

101. The series of classified documents of the State Dept file 747c.00 include eight letters and despatches from Nicosia and two memos, dated between 18 August and 24 October 1952.

102. Galsworthy to Barnes, 4 Nov. 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101812, 1081/61; Crosthwaite to Barnes, 13 Nov. 1952, PRO, FO 371, 101812, 1081/63; memo, by Porter to Howard, NA, DS 747C.00/10–2852.

103. ‘British Overseas Obligations’, memo, by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 18 June 1952, PRO, CAB 129, C (52) 202.

104. Cabinet Committee, meeting of 3 Dec. 1952, PRO, CAB 128, 25, CC (52) 101.