Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8kt4b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T03:53:45.384Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Records of lunar eclipses in medieval Arabic chronicles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2009

F. Richard Stephenson
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Said S. Said
Affiliation:
University of Durham

Extract

In a previous paper, we discussed a series of solar eclipse observations recorded in medieval Arabic chronicles both for their astronomical and chronological value. In the present paper we investigate lunar eclipses reported in these same sources as well as in many further chronicles. It should be stressed that our interest here is limited to eclipse records from chronicles; we have not included any material from technical treatises composed by astronomers. The observations are largely from al-Andalus (Islamic Spain), Egypt, Iraq, and Syria; they mainly cover the date range from A.D. 867 to 1520, with additions from 1674 to 1791.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Said, S. S., Stephenson, F. R. and Rada, W. S., ‘Records of solar eclipses in Arabic chronicles’, BSOAS, 52/1, 1989, 3864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 Stephenson, F. R. and Morrison, L. V., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A, CCCLI, 1995, 165202.Google Scholar

3 The Times atlas of the world (6th edition, London, 1980).Google Scholar

4 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate (Cambridge, 1930), map III.Google Scholar

5 Said, S. S., Stephenson, F. R. and Rada, W. S., ‘Records of solar eclipses in Arabic chronicles’, 54, 56, 58.Google Scholar

6 Neugebauer, P. V., Astronomische Chronologie (Berlin and Leipzig, 1929), 2 vols.Google Scholar

7 Said, S. S., Stephenson, F. R. and Rada, W. S., ‘Records of solar eclipses in Arabic chronicles’, 4041.Google Scholar

8 Freenman-Grenville, G. S. P., The Muslim and Christian calendars (Oxford, 1977).Google Scholar

9 Wensinck, A. J. and King, D. A., Encyclopaedia of Islam (new edition: Mīḳāt; Leiden, 1990), VII. 2632.Google Scholar

10 Al-Ṭabarī, , Ta'rīkh al-Ṭa'barī: Ta'rīkh al-Rusul wa'l-Mulūk (Cairo, 1968), IX, 376.Google Scholar

11 al-Shihābī, Ḥaydar, Ta'rīkh al-Amīr Ḥaydar al-Shihābī (Cairo, 1900), I, 197.Google Scholar

12 Al-Ṭabarī, , Ta'rīkh al-Ṭabarī, IX, 481482.Google Scholar

13 Al-Ṭabarī, , Ta'rīkh al-Ṭabarī, IX, 613.Google Scholar

14 Al-ՙAẓīmī, , Ta'rīkh Ḥalab (Damascus, 1984), 267.Google Scholar

15 al-Jawzī, Ibn, al-Muntaẓam fi Ta'rīkh al-Mulūk wa'l Umam (Hyderabad-Deccan, 1357 A.H.), V, pt. 2, 65.Google Scholar

16 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil fī 'l-Ta'rīkh (Cairo, 1353 A.H.), VI, 50.Google Scholar

17 Al-Suyūṭī, , Ḥusn al-Muḥāḍarah fi Akhbār Miḍr wa'l-Qāhira (Cairo. 1327 A.H.), II, 148.Google Scholar

18 al-Shihābī, Ḥaydar, Ta'rīkh al-Amīr Ḥaydar al-Shihābī, I, 208.Google Scholar

19 Al-Ṭabarī, , Ta'rīkh al-Ṭabarī (1969), X, 34.Google Scholar

20 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate 182184 and map III.Google Scholar

21 Canard, M., Encyclopaedia of Islam (new edition: Dwīn; Leiden, 1965), II, 678679.Google Scholar

22 Ambraseys, N. N., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1968, 58: 485496Google Scholar; p. 488, quoting from Oldham, T., Memoirs of the Geological Study of India (Calcutta, 1876).Google Scholar

23 Brooks, E. W. (ed.), Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum, I, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalum, LXII (Louvain, 1954), 192.Google Scholar

24 Al-ՙAẓīmī, Ta'rīkh Ḥalab, 270.

25 al-Jawzī, Ibn, al-Muntaẓam, V, pt. 2, 143.Google Scholar

26 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VI, 77.Google Scholar

27 Ḥaydar al-Shihābī, Ta'rīkh al-Amīr Ḥaydar al-Shihābī, I, 229.

28 Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil, VI, 256.

29 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VI, 256.Google Scholar

30 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VI, 271.Google Scholar

31 Miskawayh, , Tajārub al-Umam fī 'l-Ta'rīkh (Oxford, 1920), I, 416417.Google Scholar

32 Al-Hamdānī, , Takmilat Ta'rīkh al-Ṭabarī (Beirut, 1961), 117.Google Scholar

33 Brooks, E. W. (ed.), Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum, I, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalum, LXII, 210211.Google Scholar

34 Al-Ṣūlī, , Akhbār al-Rāḍī bi-Allāh wa'l-Muttaqī li-Allāh from Kitāb al-Awrāq (Cairo, 1935), 183.Google Scholar

35 al-Rāhib, Ibn, Ta'rīkh ibn al-Rāhib (Beirut, 1903), 69.Google Scholar

36 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VI, 276.Google Scholar

37 Kathīr, Ibn, al-Bidāya wa'l-Nihāya (Beirut, 1977), XI, 196198.Google Scholar

38 Al-Ṣūlī, , Akhbār al-Rāḍī bi-Allāh wa'l-Muttaqī li-Allāh, 280.Google Scholar

39 Hunger, H. (ed.), Astrological reports to Assyrian kings (Helsinki University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

40 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VI, 337.Google Scholar

41 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VI, 355.Google Scholar

42 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VII, 5.Google Scholar

43 al-Jawzī, Ibn, al-Muntaẓam, 1358 A.H., VII, 23.Google Scholar

44 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VII, 15.Google Scholar

45 al-Jawzī, Ibn, al-Muntaẓam, VII, 33.Google Scholar

46 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VII, 20.Google Scholar

47 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VII, 35.Google Scholar

48 Brooks, E. W. (ed.), Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum, I, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalum, LXII, 219220.Google Scholar

49 Delaporte, L. J. (tr.), Chronographie de Mar Elie bar Sinaya Metropolitan de Nisibe (Paris, 1910), 136.Google Scholar

50 Brooks, E. W. (tr.), Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum, I, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalum, LXIII, 107.Google Scholar

51 Al-ՙAẓīmī, , Ta'rīkh Ḥalab, 368.Google Scholar

52 al-Athīr, Ibn, al-Kāmil, VIII, 279.Google Scholar

53 Brooks, E. W. (ed.), Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum, I, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalum, LXII, 220228.Google Scholar

54 Delaporte, L. J. (tr.), Chronographie de Mar Elie bar Sinaya Metropolitain de Nisibe, 136142.Google Scholar

55 Brooks, E. W. (tr.), Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum, I, Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalum, LXIII, 107112.Google Scholar

56 Al-ՙAẓīmī, , Ta'rīkh Ḥalab, 396.Google Scholar

57 al-Jawzī, Ibn, al-Muntaẓam, X, 233.Google Scholar

58 al-Jawzī, Ibn, al-Muntaẓam, X, 283.Google Scholar

59 Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil, IX, 146.

60 Jubayr, Ibn (Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Jubayr b. Saՙīd) (A.D. 1144–1217), lived in Granada. Riḥlat ibn Jubayr: Tadhkiratun bi'l-Akhbār ՙan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1907), 65.Google Scholar

61 Ibn Jubayr, Riḥlat ibn Jubayr, 139.

62 Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmil, IX, 372.

63 al-Shihābī, Ḥaydar, Ta'rīkh al-Amīr Ḥaydar al-Shihābī, I, 407.Google Scholar

64 Al-Maqrīzī, , al-Sulūk fi Ma ՙrifat Duwal al-Mulūk (Cairo, 1936), I, 636.Google Scholar

65 Al-Maqrīzī, , al-Sulūk, 1941, II, 54.Google Scholar

66 al-Fidā', Abū, Ta'rīkh Abū al-Fidā': Kitāb al-Mukhtaṣar fi Akhbār al-Bashar (Cairo, 1325 A.H.), IV, 70.Google Scholar

67 Al-Maqrīzī, , al-Sulūk, II, 255.Google Scholar

68 Al-ՙAsqalānī, , Inbā' al-Ghumr bi ᾽Bnā' al-ՙUmr (Hyderabad-Deccan, 1967), I, 14.Google Scholar

69 Al-Maqrīzī, , al-Sulūk (1970), III, 536.Google Scholar

70 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ al-Zuhūr fi Waqā'iՙ al-Duhūr (new edition; Wiesbaden, 1974), I, pt. 2, 366.Google Scholar

71 Al-ՙAsqalānī, , Inbā', 1969, III, 290.Google Scholar

72 Al-Maqrīzī, , al-Sulūk, III, 932.Google Scholar

73 Ibn Iyās, Badā'iՙ, I, pt. 2, 521.

74 Al-‘Asqalānī, , Inbā’ (1970), IV, 17.Google Scholar

75 Al-‘Asqalānī, , Inbā’ (1972), V, 134.Google Scholar

76 Al-‘Asqalānī, Inbā’, V, 311.

77 Ibn Iyās, Badā'iՙ, I, pt. 2, 753.

78 Ibn Iyās, Badā'iՙ, I, pt. 2, 773.

79 Al-ՙAsqalānī, , Inbā’ (1974), VII, 149.Google Scholar

80 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, (1972), II, 66.Google Scholar

81 Al-ՙAsqalānī, , Inbā', VII, 461.Google Scholar

82 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, II, 102.Google Scholar

83 Al-ՙAsqalānī, , Inbā' (1975), VIII, 179.Google Scholar

84 Al-ՙAsqalānī, Inbā', VIII, 285.

85 Ibn Iyās, Badā'iՙ, II, 145.

86 Al-ՙAsqalānī, , Inbā', VIII, 285.Google Scholar

87 Al-ՙAsqalānī, , Inbā', VIII, 280.Google Scholar

88 Al-Maqrīzī, , al-Sulūk (1971) IV, 892, 893.Google Scholar

89 Ibn Iyās, Badā'iՙ, II, 361.

90 Birdī, Ibn Taghrī, Ḥawādith al-Duhūr fi Madā 'l-Ayyām wa'l-Shuhūr (California, 1931), VII, pt. 2, 347.Google Scholar

91 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, II, 376.Google Scholar

92 Birdī, Ibn Taghrī, Ḥawādith al-Duhūr (1941), VII, pt. 4, 741742.Google Scholar

93 Ibn Iyās, Badā'iՙ, II, 394.

94 Ibn Iyās, Badā'iՙ, II, 433.

95 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, (1963), III, 19.Google Scholar

96 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 66.Google Scholar

97 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 115.Google Scholar

98 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 196.Google Scholar

99 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 204.Google Scholar

100 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 225.Google Scholar

101 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 238.Google Scholar

102 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 272.Google Scholar

103 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 295.Google Scholar

104 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 301.Google Scholar

105 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, III, 452.Google Scholar

106 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, (1960), IV, 42.Google Scholar

107 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, IV, 62.Google Scholar

108 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, IV, 81.Google Scholar

109 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, IV, 153.Google Scholar

110 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, IV, 242.Google Scholar

111 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, IV, (1961), V, 52.Google Scholar

112 Ṭūlūn, Ibn, Mufākahat al-Khullān fi Ḥawādith al-Zamān (Cairo, 1964), part II, 22.Google Scholar

113 Honigmann, E., Encyclopaedia of Islam (new edition: Mardj Dābiḳ; Leiden, 1991) VI, 544.Google Scholar

114 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, V, 255.Google Scholar

115 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, V, 318.Google Scholar

116 Iyās, Ibn, Badā'iՙ, V, 335.Google Scholar

117 al-Shihābī, Ḥaydar, Ta'rīkh al-Amīr Ḥaydar al-Shihābī, I, 737.Google Scholar

118 Al-Ḥallāq, , Ḥawādith Dimashq al-Yawmiyya (Cairo, 1959), 49.Google Scholar

119 Al-Ḥallāq, , Ḥawādith Dimashq al-Yawmiyya, 115.Google Scholar

120 Al-Ḥallāq, , Ḥawādith Dimashq al-Yawmiyya, 202203.Google Scholar

121 Al-ՙUmarī, , al-Āthār al-Jaliyya fī 'l-Ḥawādith al-Arḍiyya (al-Najaf, Iraq, 1973), 136137.Google Scholar

122 Al-ՙUmarī, , al-Āthār al-Jaliyya, 246.Google Scholar

123 Said, S. S., Stephenson, F. R. and Rada, W. S., ‘Records of solar eclipses in Arabic chronicles’, 5354.Google Scholar

124 Shāma, Abū, Tarājum Rijāl al-Qarnayn al-Sādis wa'l-Sābiՙ: Al-Dhayl ՙalā al-Rawḍatayn (Cairo, 1947), 189193.Google Scholar

125 Al-Yūnīnī, , Dhayl Mir'āt al-Zamān (Hyderabad-Deccan, 1954), I, 11.Google Scholar

126 Kathīr, Ibn, al-Bidāya wa'l-Nihāya (Beirut, 1977), XIII, 187192.Google Scholar

127 Birdī, Ibn Taghrī, al-Nujūm al-Zāhira fi Mulūk Miṣr wa'l-Qāhira (Cairo, 1938), VII, 36.Google Scholar

128 Kathīr, Ibn, al-Bidāya wa'l-Nihāya, XIII, 189.Google Scholar

129 Al-Maqrīzī, , al-Sulūk, I, 398, 405.Google Scholar

130 Shāma, Abū, Tarājum, 231232.Google Scholar

131 Al-Maqrīzī, , al-Sulūk, I, 516.Google Scholar

132 Ibn Iyās, Badā'iՙ, I, 164.

133 Al-ՙAsqalānī, Inbā', I, 196.

134 Al-Suyūṭī, , Ta'rīkh al-Khulafā' (Cairo, 1952), 503.Google Scholar

135 Al-ՙUmarī, al-Āthār al-Jaliyya, 144.