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A Muslim Shrine At Ḥarrān

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

Extract

THE traveller who approaches Harrān from Urfa passes near an isolated domed building known to the local inhabitants as the shrine of Shaikh Hayāt (ziyārat shaikh hayāt). It stands just outside the city, near the southwest corner of the perimeter-wall1 and is surrounded by some modern tombs (PI. I)2.

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Articles
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies 1955

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References

page 432 note 1 For the exact location of the shrine see S. Lloyd and W. Brice, ‘Harran’, in Anatolian Studies, i, 1951, p. 85, fig. 85, grid B 6.

page 432 note 2 During my visit to Harrān in 1952 the shrine was urgently in need of repairs and consolidation. It was impossible to enter it and to draw up a ground plan. I hope to do so at the earliest opportunity.

page 432 note 3 For a plan and view of the citadel see Lloyd and Brice, op. cit., pp. 97 ff. For the excavation of the east gateway of the citadel see D. S. Rice, ‘Medieval HarranI’, Anatolian Studies, II, 1952, pp. 36–84.

page 432 note 4 cf. J. Schacht, ‘Ein archaischer Minaret-Typ in Ägypten und Anatolien’, in Ars Islamica, v, 1938, pp. 46–54, and 20 figs.; also idem ‘Sur la diffusion des formes d'architecture religieuse musulmane á travers Ie Sahara’, in Travaux de I'Institut de Mecherches Sahariennes, tome xi, 1954, pp. 12–27.

page 432 note 5 Published by M. van Berehem, Inschriften aus Syrien, Mesopotamien und Kleinasien, gesammelt von Frh. M. von Oppenheim (Beiträge z. Assyriologie, vII), 1909, p. 58, no. 75.

page 432 note 6 Unpublished anonymous text: (2) (1) (4) (3)

page 437 note 1 Rev.Badger, B. P., The Nestorians and their Rituals, London, 1852, I, p. 342.Google Scholar

page 437 note 2 A., Mez, Die Stadt Harran bis zum Einfall der Araber, Strasburg, 1892, p. 15.Google Scholar

page 437 note 3 E., Sachau, Reise in Syrien und Mesopotamien, Leipzig, 1883, p. 222.Google Scholar

page 437 note 4 M. van Berchem, op. cit., p. 58, Insc. no. 74.

page 437 note 5 Ibid., p. 1 f.

page 438 note 1 M., van Berchem in E., Diez, Churasanische Baudenkmäler, Berlin, 1918, I, pp. 87 ff.Google Scholar

page 439 note 1 Broadhurst, R. J. C., The Travels of Ibn Jubayr, London, 1952, p. 254.Google Scholar

page 439 note 2 Schiaparelli C.Google Scholar, Ibn Gubayr, Viaggio …, Rome, 1906, p. 235.Google Scholar

page 439 note 3 M. Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Ibn Jobair Voyages (Docs, relatifs á l'hist. des Croisades publiés par l'acad. des Insc. et Belles Lettres, v), Paris, 1951-

page 439 note 4 Ibn, Jubayr, Rihla, ed. Wright-de Goeje, London, 1907, p. 245.Google Scholar

page 440 note 1 On this important work cf. J. Somogyi, ‘The ta'rikh al-islam of adh-Dhahabi’, in JRAS, 1932, pp. 815–855.

page 440 note 2 cf. the introduction of J., Sauvaget, La chronique de Damns d'al-Jazari, Paris, 1949.Google Scholar

page 440 note 3 The reference here is to Saladin's two expeditions against Mosul undertaken in 578/1182 and 581/1185. The historian Ibn al-Athϊr, who viewed with misgiving and disapproval Saladin's attempts in this direction, states that the prime mover in the scheme was Muzaffar ad-dϊn Gökbürϊ, the lord of Harrän and later of Irbil. It is curious that it was at Harrän, on his sickbed, after his second failure to take the town by storm, that Saladin finally received the allegiance of the people of Mosul (ef. al-Kä:mil, ed. Thornberg, Leiden, 1851, vol. xi, pp. 319, 336). According to a dispatch composed by al-Qädϊ al-Fϊdil, the excuse for the expedition against Mosul was that it continued to pay allegiance to the Seljuq sultan (cf. rasā'il of al-Qädi al-Fädil, Paris MS. arabe 6024 f° 11, quoted by M. Jawad in Sumer, x, 2, 1954, p. 300).According to DhahabI the siege of A.H. 579 was called off on orders from the caliph (Dhahabī, Duwal al-islām, Hyderabad, A.H. 1337, vol. n, p. 65).

page 440 note 4 Sālihiya is a western suburb of Damascus in which many scholars resided in the 12th and 13th centuries. On the sacking of Sālihīya during Ghazan's campaigns (1299–1301) see Dhahabī's eye-witness account translated by J. Somogyi in Goldziher Memorial Volume, Pt. i, Budapest, 1948, pp. 356, 369, 375.

page 441 note 1 'Abdallāh b.As';ad al-Yāfi‘ī, mir’at al-janān, Hyderabad, 1317'rūf al-Karkhī.

page 441 note 2 Lived 491–561/1098–1166, cf. D. S. Margoliouth, in El, I, pp. 42–4 s.v. 'AM al-Kadir and W. Braune, in El (new edition), Leiden, 1954, I, pp. 71–2.

page 441 note 3 Ibn 'Imād, Shadharāt adh-dhahab, Cairo, n.d., vol. iv, p. 269.

page 441 note 4 'Abd al-Wahhāb ash-Sha'rānī, At-tabaqāt al-kubrā, Cairo, n.d., vol. I, p. 132.

page 441 note 5 Yāfi'i, op. cit., vol. m, p. 420 f.

page 442 note 1 Evkaf register No. 549. I owe this translation to Prof. Halil Inalcik of the University of Ankara.

page 442 note 2 Eviiya ç;lebi, Seyāhetnāmeh, Istanbul, A.H. 1314–5, vol. ill, p. 161 f. I am indebted for a translation of this passage to my colleague Prof. P. Wittek.

page 442 note 3 It is interesting to note the location of the tribes listed by Eviiya as being particularly devoted to Shaikh Hayāt who was himself of Bedouin stock. They came from places in Iraq (Qūrna) and the Persian Gulf (al-Ahsā) and islands (in it (?) Bahrein ?). It is in these parts that sections of the Banu Numair, a fraction of the Qays Bedouins, were to be found. The same Banū Numair also lived at Harrān and even succeeded in establishing a short-lived dynasty there in the tenth century A.D. (cf. my ‘ Medieval HarranI’, AS, n, pp. 74 ff.).

page 445 note 1 added from Berl. MS.

page 445 note 2 Bodl. MS.

page 445 note * Beginning of translation given below.

page 446 note 1 Bodl. MS.. Perhaps the word should be amended in both MSS. to read either or

page 446 note 2 Berl. MS.

page 446 note 3 Bodl.MS.

page 446 note 4 On this manuscript, cf.‘ Medieval HarranI ’, AS, u, pp. 36 ff. Only the portion describing the surrender and ultimate destruction of Harran by the Mongols is translated in full.

page 447 note 1 The appointment of a wālī al-barr was common in Syria, cf. Gaudefroy-Demombynes, La Syrie à I'epoque des Mamloulcs, Paris, 1923, p. 175.

page 447 note 2 The sarāqūj or sarāqūsh was a typically Tatar headgear, cf. L. A. Mayer, Mamluk Costume, Geneva, 1952, pp. 30 f.

page 448 note 1 Dhahabī, BN, Paris MS. Ar. 1582, see App. A and p. 440.

page 448 note 2 Inscription at mashhad of Shaikh Hayāt, see p. 437.

page 448 note 3 Ibn Shaddād, Bodleian MS., Marsh 333, Berlin MS. 9800, see App. B and p. 447.

page 448 note 4 Yāfi‘ī, Mir’āt al-janan, Ibn 'Imād, Skadharāt adh-dkahab, and ash-Sha'rānī, tabaqāt (see p. 441).

page 448 note 5 Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalānī, ad-durar al kāmina, Hyderabad, A.H. 1349, m, p. 259, no. 667: Ibn Rāfi' is the author of a kitāb al-wafayāt (704/1305–774/1372), see Brockelmann, GAL, n, p.33, and Suppl. GAL, n, p. 30. His work exists only in manuscripts and none is available in the U.K.

page 448 note 6 cf. the extract from Saqqā'I, Tālī kitāb wafayāt al-a'yān, Paris BN. MS. arabe 2061, f° 31. I am preparing an edition of the whole text contained in this manuscript.