Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m8s7h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T12:57:07.172Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The minimal number of periodic orbits of periods guaranteed in Sharkovskii's theorem

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2009

Bau-Sen Du
Affiliation:
Institute of Mathematics, Acadmia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Let f(x) be a continuous function from a compact real interval into itself with a periodic orbit of minimal period m, where m is not an integral power of 2. Then, by Sharkovskii's theorem, for every positive integer n with mn in the Sharkovskii ordering defined below, a lower bound on the number of periodic orbits of f(x) with minimal period n is 1. Could we improve this lower bound from 1 to some larger number? In this paper, we give a complete answer to this question.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Australian Mathematical Society 1985

References

[1]Block, L.Guckenheimer, J.Misiurewicz, M. and Young, L.-S., “Periodic points and topological entropy of one dimensional maps”, 18314 (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 819. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1980).Google Scholar
[2]Bowen, R. and Franks, J.The periodic points of maps of the disk and the interval”, Topology 15 (1976), 337342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3]Burkart, U.Interval mapping graphs and periodic points of continuous functions”, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 32 (1982), 5768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4]Du, Bau-Sen, “Almost all points are eventually periodic with minimal period 3”, Bull. Inst. Math. Acad. Sinica 12 (1984), 405411.Google Scholar
[5]Du, Bau-Sen, “Almost all points are eventually periodic with sane periodic orbit” (Preprint, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Republic of China, 1984).Google Scholar
[6]Du, Bau-Sen, “The periodic points and topological entropy of interval maps” (Preprint, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Republic of China, 1984).Google Scholar
[7]Ho, C.-W. and Morris, C.A graph theoretic proof of Sharkovsky's theorem on the periodic points of continuous functions”, Pacific J. Math. 96 (1981), 361370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[8]Jonker, L.Periodic points and kneading invariants”, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 39 (1979), 428450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[9]Li, Tien-Ylen and Yorke, James A.Period three implies chaos”, Amer. Math. Monthly 82 (1975), 985992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[10]Misiurewicz, M.Structure of mappings of an interval with zero entropy”, Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. 53 (1981), 516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[11]Sharkovskii, A.N.Coexistence of cycles of a continuous map of a line into itself”, Ukrain. Mat. Ž. 16 (1964), 6171.Google Scholar
[12]Stefan, P.A theorem of Sharkovsky on the existence of periodic orbits of continuous endomorphisms of the real line”, Comm. Math. Phys. 54 (1977), 237248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13]Straffin, P.O. Jr., “Periodic points of continuous functions”, Math. Mag. 51 (1978), 99105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar