During conversation with the Resident of Bornu Province, Northern Nigeria, I learned that a former Medical Officer of the district had discovered, some six or seven years ago, a tsetse-fly belt near Mulgue, about 40 miles south of Maifoni, Bornu, and I therefore decided to investigate the locality in July, 1910.

Acting under the instructions of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine I proceeded to Malta on the 25th of June 1910, and stayed in the Island for a period of two months. The object of this expedition was to investigate the problems connected with the menace to health caused by the blood-sucking “Papataci Flies” of the genus Phlebotomies.* The greater part of my time was devoted to searching for the breeding-places of these insects with a view to devising practical prophylactic measures for the control of the pest. Other phases relating chiefly to the bionomics of Plilebotomus were also investigated; and attempts were made to rear the insect from the egg

Reflexed margin of pronotum very narrow. Scutellum transversely oblong, produced into a small point in the centre of the hind margin. Elytra transverse, widest towards the suture. Tibia with a pseudo-joint at about four-fifths.

Belonging to the reptans group; thorax dark dove-grey with a faint greenish tinge; abdomen dark green, shining; legs entirely black; wings hyaline, iridescent, with pale veins, squama whitish with white fringes, halteres pale yellow with a darkened stem.

Last year an attempt was made to collect the mosquito larva; breeding in the vicinity of the Institute at Yaba, near Lagos, and to identify them with their imagines. This year it was decided to conduct a similar investigation in the township of Lagos itself. My attention had been directed to the importance of the subject by the occurrence of an outbreak of Yellow Fever in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast; and further, I had been requested to suggest a set of instructions such as would enable the native Sanitary Inspectors in Lagos to identify the larva of Stegomyia fasciata.

During a seach for mosquito larvae at Yaba, near Lagos, my attention was drawn to their complete absence from a swamp about a mile from the Medical Research Institute. The pools in the swamp appeared to be well suited for the growth of mosquito larvae, and I caught female mosquitos full of eggs in the adjoining fringe of bush. The absence of larvae was therefore evidently not due to any lack of fertile female mosquitos. An examination of the pools showed that they all contained small, active, surface-feeding fish,* belonging to the family Cyprinodontidæ, and it seemed probable that it was by their agency that the pools were kept free from larvae.

In describing the following new species from West Africa, some words of explanation are needed as to the generic names used. In the first place, it is necessary to say that the writer follows Messrs. Dyar and Knab in considering that most of the genera into which Meigen's genus Anopheles has recently been split up are not genera in any accepted sense, and should sink under the old name Anopheles. Provisionally, however, Stethomyia, Chagasia, Calvertina and Bironella are considered as distinct; as none of these genera are African, this will not affect the present paper. Lieut.-Col. A. Alcock, of the London School of Tropical Medicine, has kindly allowed me to see the manuscript of a paper on the classification of Anopheles, which he is about to publish in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, and I have been able to concur entirely with his views; he recognises only five sub-genera of Anopheles, the sub-genus Nyssorhynchus including all those species with flat scales on thorax and abdomen, i.e., the genera Nyssorhynchus, Cellia and Neocellia of Theobald's Monograph.

The descriptions of new, and determinations of old, species of Anoplura and Mallophaga presented in this paper are based on a small collection of these ecto-parasitic insects taken from mammals and birds of the Egyptian Sudan and other North and West African localities. The collection was made by variouscollectors, as indicated for each species, and was submitted to us by Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall, Scientific Secretary of the Entomological Research Committee (Tropical Africa) of the British Colonial Office.

In the following article I have endeavoured to write as simply as possible a detailed account of the methods for photographing insects which I have myself found to be most successful, and no attempt has been made to discuss alternative methods.

The following paper is the result of the study of material recently received by the Entomological Research Committee, by which the types of two of the species described below have been presented to the British Museum (Natural History): the type of Chrysops centurionis has been handed over to the National Collection by its discoverer, Captain A. D. Fraser, R.A.M.C.