Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-22T00:39:54.760Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The unusual occurrence of savanna members of the Simulium damnosum species complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in southern Sierra Leone in 1988

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

M.C. Thomson ,
J.B. Davies ,
R.J. Post ,
M.J. Bockarie ,
P.A. Beech-Garwood  and
J. Kandeh
M.C. Thomson*
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
J.B. Davies
Affiliation:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
R.J. Post
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands
M.J. Bockarie
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Laboratories, Bo, Sierra Leone
P.A. Beech-Garwood
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Laboratories, Bo, Sierra Leone
J. Kandeh
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Laboratories, Bo, Sierra Leone
*
M.C. Thomson, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

All available identifications of sibling species of the Simulium damnosum complex in southern Sierra Leone for the years 1983–1987 have been analysed for any evidence that they might provide on whether the appearance of S. sirbanum in this area in 1988 is indicative of a gradual southerly extension of range, or a unique occurrence. No evidence was found to suggest a long-term immigration trend over the five years prior to 1988, and the latter of the two possibilities is the more likely. No meteorological or other factors are known that might account for the sudden appearance of S. sirbanum in southern Sierra Leone in 1988, but the possible causes of such immigration into forested parts of West Africa and their epidemiological implications for human onchocerciasis in the region are briefly discussed.

Type
Review Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 86 , Issue 3 , June 1996 , pp. 271 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, R.H.A. (1989) Entomological investigations in Sierra Leone April–August 1988. Unpublished report to OCP.Google Scholar
Baker, R.H.A., Baldry, D.A.T., Boakye, D. & Wilson, M.D. (1987) Measures aimed at controlling the invasion of Simulium damnosum Theobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) into the Onchocerciasis Control Programme area III. Searches in the Upper Niger Basin of Guinea for additional sources of flies invading southeastern Mali. Tropical Pest Management 32, 148–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, R.H.A., Guillet, P., Seketeli, A., Poudiougo, P., Boakye, D., Wilson, M.D. & Bissan, Y. (1990) Progress in controlling the reinvasion of windborne vectors into the western area of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 328, 731–750.Google ScholarPubMed
Beech-Garwood, P.A., Davies, J.B. & McMahon, J.E. (1988) A morphological technique to determine the presence of Simulium squamosum in mixed populations of the S. damnosum complex in Sierra Leone. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie 75, 83–89.Google Scholar
Boakye, D.A., Mosha, F.W. & Fiasorgbor, G. (1987) Cytotaxonomy and the study of population movements in the Simulium damnosum complex in the OCP Area. Proceedings of the Nigeria/Japan joint Conference, Jos 1987. pp. 190–194.Google Scholar
Bockarie, M.J., Davies, J.B., Thomson, M.C. & Morgan, H.G. (1990) The transmission of Onchocerciasis at a forest village in Sierra Leone. I. Simulium damnosum s.l. biting densities and infection with Onchocerca volvulus at five representative sites. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 84, 587–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden, D.J. (1980) Rainfall in Sierra Leone. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 1, 31–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, J.B., Beech-Garwood, P.A., Thomson, M.C. & McMahon, J.E. (1988a) Onchocerciasis transmission levels and Simulium damnosum complex biting activity at riverside and rice field sites in Sierra Leone. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2, 357–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, J.B., Thomson, M.C. & Beech-Garwood, P.A. (1988b) Morphological identification of Simulium yahense and S. squamosum in the south of Sierra Leone confirmed by enzyme electrophoresis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82, 643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, J.B., Trees, A.J., McCall, P.J., Bockarie, M.J., Thomson, M.C., McKellar, S.B. & Maturi, A.S. (1989) On the possibility of bovine Onchocerca spp. infecting S. damnosum s.l. in forest zone of Sierra Leone II. Biting densities and filarial infections in Simulium spp. and Culicoides spp. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 6, 603–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garms, R. (1978) Use of morphological characters in the study of Simulium damnosum s.l. populations in West Africa. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 29, 483–491.Google Scholar
Garms, R. (1987) Occurrence of the savanna species of the Simulium damnosum complex in Liberia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81, 518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garms, R., Walsh, J.F. & Davies, J.B. (1979) Studies on the reinvasion of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta river basin by Simulium damnosum s.l. with emphasis on the south-western areas. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 30, 345–362.Google Scholar
Garms, R., Cheke, R.A. & Sachs, R. (1990) Discussion in: Baker et al. (1990) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 328, 731–750.Google Scholar
Johnson, C.G., Walsh, J.F., Davies, J.B., Clark, S.J. & Perry, J.N. (1985) The pattern and speed of displacement of females of Simulium damnosum Theobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) across the Onchocerciasis Control Programme area of West Africa in 1977 and 1978. Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, 73–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurtak, D.C., Raybould, J.N. & Vajime, C. (1981) Wing tuft colours of the progeny of single individuals of Simulium damnosum (Enderlein). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75, 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahon, J.E., Sowa, S.I.C., Maude, G.H. & Kirkwood, B.R. (1988) Onchocerciasis in Sierra Leone. II. A comparison of forest and savanna villages. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82, 595–600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magor, J.I. & Rosenberg, L.J. (1980) Studies of wind and weather during migration of Simulium damnosum Theobald (Diptera: Simuliidae), the vector of Onchocerciasis in West Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 693–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meredith, S.E.O. (1987) The role of systematics in black fly population management, pp. 53–61in Kim, K.C. & Merrit, R.W. (Eds) Blackflies: ecology, population management, and annotated world list. Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Meredith, S.E.O. & Townson, H. (1981) Enzymes for species identification in the Simulium damnosum complex from West Africa. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 32, 123–129.Google ScholarPubMed
Post, R.J. & Crosskey, R.W. (1985) The distribution of the Simulium damnosum complex in Sierra Leone and its relation to Onchocerciasis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 79, 169–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Post, R.J. & Flook, P. (1992) DNA probes for the identification of members of the Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Medical and Veterinary Entomology 6, 379–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Procunier, W.S. & Post, R.J. (1986) Development of a method for the cytological identification of man-biting sibling species within the Simulium damnosum complex. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 37, 49–53.Google ScholarPubMed
Thomson, M.C. (1989) The application of allozyme electrophoresis to field studies on the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex, with particular reference to Sierra Leone PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.Google Scholar
Thomson, M.C., Davies, J.B. & Bockarie, M.J. (1988) Identification of species of the Simulium damnosum complex in Sierra Leone by enzyme electrophoresis and morphology. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 39, 84–85.Google Scholar
Thomson, M.C., Renz, A. & Davies, J.B. (1990) A new PGM electromorph diagnostic for S. squamosum in Sierra Leone and Togo. Ada Leidensia 59, 303–305.Google ScholarPubMed
White, M.D. (1981) Studies on Onchocerciasis and on Simulium damnosum s.l. Theobald 1903, the vector of Onchocerca volvulus Leukhart 1983, in four chiefdoms of the Moyamba District, Southern Province, Sierra Leone. MSc thesis, University of Sierra Leone.Google Scholar
WHO (1981) Senegambia project Onchocerciasis control in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Senegal and Sierra Leone. WHO Mimeograph VBC/81.2/AFR/ACP/MPD/007. Geneva, World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.D. & Post, R.J. (1994) Integration of morphometric, cytogenetic and molecular techniques: A case study of Simulium damnosum. pp. 215–224in Hawksworth, D.L. (Ed.) The identification and characterization of pest organisms. Wallingford, CAB International.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.D., Post, R.J. & Gomulski, L.M. (1993) Multivariate morphotaxonomy in the identification of adult females of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme area of West Africa. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 87, 65–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed