A long-horned beetle, Cerambyx dux, Fald., is a very serious pest of apricots, peaches, and grafted and wild almonds in Palestine. Its ravages are most probably not confined to these trees and further investigations will undoubtedly enlarge the already important list of food-plants. In localities around Jerusalemsuch as Beit-Jala, Artas, Bethlehem, El Maliha, and Ein Karim (approximate altitude 2,600 feet above sea-level), this pest has been allowed to establish itself over a long period of time and to such an extent that, if immediate and rigid control measures are not undertaken by the growers, apricot and peach trees will, sooner or later, disappear from these localities. These fruit trees can be cultivated without irrigation, which is of great advantage in Palestine, where water is scarce; the fruit fetches good prices both in the local markets and also in Egypt. Their cultivation is therefore of vital importance,especially to the population of the hill country, where conditions of life are difficult and every kind of loss is accentuated. In Jersualem, where almonds, apricots and peaches are planted in household-gardens, not a single healthy tree can be found, and many of them have already succumbed to the attacks of this beetle. In the coastal plain the writer has found this insect in almond trees at Haifa and in apricot and almond trees in villages north of Acre. No records are available of its presence in the coastal plain south of Haifa or in the Jordan Valley.