Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-qs9v7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T23:34:35.376Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observations of the autumn migration of the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and other moths in eastern China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

J. R. Riley ,
D. R. Reynolds ,
A. D. Smith ,
A.S. Edwards ,
X.-X. Zhang ,
X.-N. Cheng ,
H.-K. Wang ,
J.-Y. Cheng  and
B.-P. Zhai
J. R. Riley*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Malvern, UK
D. R. Reynolds
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Malvern, UK
A. D. Smith
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Malvern, UK
A.S. Edwards
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Malvern, UK
X.-X. Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
X.-N. Cheng
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
H.-K. Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
J.-Y. Cheng
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
B.-P. Zhai
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
*
Dr. JR. Riley, Natural Resources Institute, Radar Entomology Unit, Leigh Sinton Road, Malvem, Worcs. WRI4 ILL, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The autumn migration of the rice leaf roller moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, in eastern China was studied at two sites (one in southern Jiangsu Province and one in northern Jiangxi Province), using radar and aerial netting. It was confirmed that C. medinalis is a high-altitude nocturnal windborne migrant, with large numbers of moths taking-off at dusk and flying continuously for several hours. Migration was post-teneral and the females had immature ovaries. Maximum densities of the moths typically occurred between 250 and 550 m above ground, and layering was intense on some nights. Moth layers often occurred at an altitude where there was a wind-speed maximum. In early September, migrant C. medinalis from southern Jiangsu Province were carried on the winds in an approximately westward direction. However, the winds prevailing in late September and October took migrants from both sites towards the south-west or south. Forward trajectories for C. medinalis and other insects emigrating from northern Jiangxi during October indicated that they were able to reach the tropical rice-growing areas near the south China coast, where year-round breeding would be possible. Incidental observations on the migratory flight of other lepidopteran pests, including Mythimna separata (Walker), Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Ctenoplusia agnata (Staudinger) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (all Nocturidae), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) and particularly Omiodes indicata (Fabricius) (both Pyralidae) are presented.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , September 1995 , pp. 397 - 414
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beerwinkle, K.R., Lopez, J.D., Witz, J.A., Schleider, P.G., Eyster, R.S. & Lingren, P.D. (1994) Seasonal radar and meteorological observations associated with nocturnal insect flight at altitudes to 900 metres. Environmental Entomology 23, 676–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Central Meteorological Bureau (1979) Climate atlas of the People's Republic of China. Beijing, Map Publishing Press.Google Scholar
Chang, S.-S., (Zhang, X.-X.), Lo, Z.-C., Keng, C.-G., Li, G.-Z., Chen, X.-L. & Wu, X.-W. (1980) Studies on the migration of the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée. Acta Entomologica Sinica 23, 130–140.Google Scholar
Chen, R.-L., Bao, X.-Z., Drake, V.A., Farrow, R.A., Wang, S.-Y., Sun, Y.-J. & Zhai, B.-P. (1989) Radar observations of the spring migration into northeastern China of the oriental armyworm moth, Mythimna separata, and other insects. Ecological Entomology 14, 149–162.Google Scholar
CIE (1983) Distribution maps of pests. Map no. 212 (revised June 1983). London, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology.Google Scholar
Domros, M. & Peng, G.-B. (1988) The climate of China. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, V.A. (1981) Target density estimation in radar biology. Journal of Theoretical Biology 90, 545–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drake, V.A. (1984) The vertical distribution of macro-insects migrating in the boundary layer: a radar study. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 28, 353–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, V.A. (1985) Radar observations of moths migrating in a nocturnal low-level jet. Ecological Entomology 10, 259–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, V.A. & Farrow, R.A. (1983) The nocturnal migration of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): quantitative radar observations of a series of northwards flights. Bulletin of Entomological Research 73, 567–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, V.A. & Farrow, R.A. (1985) A radar and aerial-trapping study of an early spring migration of moths (Lepidoptera) in inland New South Wales. Australian Journal of Ecology 10, 223–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, V.A. & Farrow, R.A. (1988) The influence of atmospheric structure and motions on insect migration. Annual Review of Entomology 33, 183–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, V.A. & Rochester, W.A. (1994) The formation of layer concentrations by migrating insects. pp. 411–414in Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology—11th Conference on Biometeorology, March 7–11, San Diego, California. Boston, American Meterological Society.Google Scholar
Drake, V.A., Helm, K.F., Readshaw, J.L. & Reid, D.G. (1981) Insect migration across Bass Strait during spring: a radar study. Bulletin of Entomological Research 71, 449–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, K.J. (1978) The transoceanic migration of Lepidoptera to New Zealand—a history and a hypothesis on colonisation. New Zealand Entomologist 6, 368–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geng, J.-G., Zhang, J.-X., Zhang, X.-X., Magor, J.I. & Pender, J. (1990) Trajectory analysis on ship captures of rice leaf roller southward migration. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 13, 48–53.Google Scholar
Greenbank, D.O., Schaefer, G.W. & Rainey, R.C. (1980) Spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) moth flight and dispersal: new understanding from canopy observations, radar, and aircraft. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 110, 1–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gyotoku, M., Ito, K. & Nakasuji, F. (1987) Monitoring of lepidopterous insect migrations using the migration trap. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology & Zoology 31, 350–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, E-N. & Gatehouse, A.G. (1991) Genetics of precalling period in the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and implications for migration. Evolution 45, 1502–1510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herman, B.M., Browning, S.R. & Battan, L.J. (1961) Tables of the radar cross sections of water spheres. Technical Report. University of Arizona Institute of Atmospheric Physics No. 9, 1–19.Google Scholar
Jia, P.-H. and collaborators, (1985) A brief report on long distance migration and mark-recapture in black cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon. Plant Protection (Tianjin) 11, 20. (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Johnson, C.G. (1969) Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. 763 pp. London, Methuen.Google Scholar
Johnson, S.J. (1987) Migration and the life history strategy of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in the Western Hemisphere. Insect Science and its Application 8, 543–549.Google Scholar
Khan, Z.R., Barrion, A.T., Litsinger, J.A., Castilla, N.P. & Joshi, R.C. (1988) A bibliography of rice leaf folders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Insect Science and its Application 9, 129–174.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. (1984) Insect pests of the rice plant in Asia. Protection Ecology 7, 83–104.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. (1987) Ecology of planthopper migration. pp. 41–54in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Leafhoppers and Planthoppers of Economic Importance, Provo, Utah, U.S.A., 28 July—I August 1986. London, CAB International Insitute of Entomology.Google Scholar
Li, K.-P., Wong, H.-H. & Woo, W.-S. (1964) Route of the seasonal migration of the Oriental armyworm moth in the eastern part of China as indicated by a three-year result of releasing and recapturing marked moths. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica 3, 101–110.Google Scholar
Li, S.-L., Zhang, F.-H., Liang, J.-R. & Liu, S.-F. (1986) An observation on the aero catch of the aerial insects. Kunchong Zhishi 23, 53–56. (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Liu, H.-Q., Liu, Z.-J., & Zhu, W.-H. (1983) Results of net-trapping of brown planthoppers on China Seas. Acta Entomologica Sinica 26, 109–113. (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Ming, J.-G., Jin, H., Riley, J.R., Reynolds, D.R., Smith, A.D., Wang, R.-L., Cheng, J.-Y. & Cheng, X.-N. (1993) Autumn southward ‘return’ migration of the mosquito Culex tritaenio-rhynchus in China. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 7, 323–327.Google Scholar
Miyahara, Y. (1981) Occurrence of the rice leafroller in Japan. JARQ 15, 100–105.Google Scholar
Miyahara, Y. (1993) Immigration of the Hawaiian beet webworm moth, Hymenia recurvalis, during the Bai-u season. 2. The arrival of moths in early June 1992. Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu 1993 39, 136–141.Google Scholar
Miyahara, Y., Wada, T. & Kobayashi, M. (1981) Appearance of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée in early planted rice fields in Chikugo. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology & Zoology 25, 26–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mochida, O. (1974) Long distance movement of Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) across the East China Sea. Rice Entomology Newsletter 1, 18–22.Google Scholar
National Coordinated Research Team on Rice Leaf Roller (1981) Advances in studies on the migration of rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée in China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica 1981 no. 5, 1–8.Google Scholar
Nationwide Co-operative Group on Black Cutworm Research (1990) Studies on the overwintering and migration of black cutworm in China. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica 17, 337–342.Google Scholar
Odiyo, P.O. (1975) Seasonal distribution and migrations of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Tropical Pest Bulletin No. 4. London, Centre for Overseas Pest Research.Google Scholar
Oya, S. & Hirao, J. (1982) Catches of migrating rice planthoppers on the East China Sea and northern Kyushu, Japan in late June 1981. Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu 28, 117–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, C.E., Wise, C.W., Stempson, L.J. & Duncan, G.H. (1955) The practical aspect of tropical meteorology. Air Force Surveys in Geophysics no. 76. Bedford, Massachusetts, Air Force Cambridge Research Center.Google Scholar
Riley, J.R. (1975) Collective orientation in night-flying insects. Nature 253, 113–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, J.R. (1985) Radar cross-section of insects. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 73, 228–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, J.R. (1989) Recent developments in the application of radar to biology: new millimetric and 3-cm systems for the studies of insect flight. pp. 210–214in Biotelemetry X: Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Biotelemetry. Fayetteville, Arkansas, The University of Arkansas Press.Google Scholar
Riley, J.R. (1992) A millimetric radar to study the flight of small insects. Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal 4, 43–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, J.R. & Reynolds, D.R. (1986) Orientation at night by high-flying insects. pp. 71–87in Danthanarayana, W. (Ed.) Insect flight: dispersal and migration. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, J.R., Reynolds, D.R. & Farmery, M.J. (1983) Observations of the flight behaviour of the armyworm moth, Spodoptera exempta, at an emergence site using radar and infra-red optical techniques. Ecological Entomology 8, 395–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, J.R., Reynolds, D.R. & Farrow, R.A. (1987) The migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Delphacidae) and other Hemiptera associated with rice, during the dry season in the Philippines: a study using radar, visual observations, aerial netting and ground trapping. Bulletin of Entomological Research 77, 145–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, J.R., Reynolds, D.R., Smith, A.D., Cheng, X.-N., Zhang, X.-X., Xu, G.-M., Cheng, J.-Y., Bao, A.-D. & Zhai, B.-P. (1990) Using radar to observe brown planthopper (BPH) migration in China. International Rice Research Newsletter 15, 29–30.Google Scholar
Riley, J.R., Cheng, X.-N., Zhang, X.-X., Reynolds, D.R., Xu, G.-M., Smith, A.D., Cheng, J.-Y., Bao, A.-D. & Zhai, B.-P. (1991) The long distance migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Delphacidae) in China: radar observations of mass return flight in the autumn. Ecological Entomology 16, 471–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, J.R., Reynolds, D.R., Smith, A.D., Rosenberg, L.J., Cheng, X.-N., Zhang, X.-X., Xu, G.-M., Cheng, J.-Y., Bao, A.-D., Zhai, B.-P. & Wang, H.-K. (1994) Observations of the autumn migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and other pests in East Central China. Bulletin of Entomological Research 84, 389–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaefer, G.W., Bent, G. & Cannon, R. (1979) The green invasion. New Scientist 83, 440–441.Google Scholar
Showers, W.B., Keaster, A.J., Raulston, J.R., Hendrix, W.H., Derrick, M.E., McCorcle, M.D., Robinson, J.F., Way, M.O., Wallendorf, M.J. & Goodenough, J.L. (1993) Mechanism of southward migration of a noctuid moth [Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel)]: a complete migrant. Ecology 74, 2303–2314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, L.R. (1974) Insect migration, flight periodicity and the boundary layer. Journal of Animal Ecology 43, 225–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tu, C.-W. (1983) Recent advances in research on the insect pests of rice that migrate long distances in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 1983 no. 6, 76–82.Google Scholar
Wada, T. & Kobayashi, M. (1982) Mating status depending on the growing stage of the rice plant in the population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Applied Entomology & Zoology 17, 278–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, T., Ogawa, Y. & Nakasuga, T. (1988) Geographical difference in mated status and autumn migration in the rice leaf roller moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 46, 141–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, T.J. (1980) Migrating Lepidoptera: are butterflies better than moths? Florida Entomologist 63, 79–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, T., Sogawa, K., Hirai, Y., Tsurumachi, M., Fukamachi, S. & Ogawa, Y. (1991) Correlation between migratory flight of rice planthoppers and the low-level jet stream in Kyushu, southwestern Japan. Applied Entomology & Zoology 26, 215–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westbrook, J.K., Wolf, W.W., Lingren, P.D. & Raulston, J.R. (1994) Flight speed and heading of migrating corn earworm moths relative to drifting tetroons. pp. 423–426in Proceedings of 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology — 11th Conference on Biometerology,March 7–11 1994,San Diego, California. Boston,American Meteorological Society.Google Scholar
Williams, C.B. (1958) Insect migration. 235 pp. London, Collins.Google Scholar
Wolf, W.W., Sparks, A.N., Pair, S.D., Westbrook, J.K. & Truesdale, F.M. (1986) Radar observations and collections of insects in the Gulf of Mexico. pp. 221–234in Danthanarayana, W. (Ed.) Insect flight: dispersal and migration. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, W.W., Westbrook, J.K., Raulston, J., Pair, S.D. & Hobbs, S.E. (1990) Recent airborne radar observations of migrant pests in the United States. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 328, 619–630.Google Scholar
Xia, S.-P., Liu, J.-P., Zhang, J.-P. & Chen, Y.-N. (1988) A preliminary study on the bionomics of Lamprosema indicata Fabricius. Kunchong Zhishi (Insect Knowledge) 25, 81–84. (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Zaazou, M.H., Fahmy, H.S.M., Kamel, A.A.M. & El-Hemaesy, A.H. (1973) Annual movement and host plants of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) in Egypt. Bulletin de In Société Entomologique d'Egypte 57, 175–180.Google Scholar
Zhang, X.-X. (1991) The migratory pest insects of rice—rice leafroller. pp. 48–78in Du, Z.-W., Zhang, X.-X. & Wang, F.-M. (Eds) Strategy and technology of IPM of rice pest insects and diseases in China. Beijing, Agricultural Publishing House.Google Scholar
Zhang, X.-X., Lu, Z.-C., Geng, J.-G. (1979) The application of dissecting the ovary of female rice leaf roller for forecasting. Kungchong Zhishi 16, 97–99. (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Zhang, X.-X., Geng, J.-G. & Zhou, W.J. (1981a) Studies of the migration patterns of rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, in China. Journal of the Nanjing Agricultural College 1981 no. 3, 1–12 (In Chinese).Google Scholar
Zhang, X. -X., Geng, J.-G. & Zhou, W.-J. (1981b) Recent advances in research on migration of the rice leaf roller. Zhuwu Baohu 7, 2–7. (see Review of Applied Entomology series A 71, abstract 282).Google Scholar
Zhang, X.-X., Zhou, W.-J., Keng, C.-G., Su, G.-L., Zhu, Y.-C. & Tang, J.-Y. (1983) Studies on the energy source of flight and migration of the rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée). Acta Phytophylacica Sinica 10, 154–159.Google Scholar
Zhang, X.-X., Zhou, L.-Y. & Cheng, J.-Y. (1994) Determination of the parameters for trajectory analysis of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée in the Huaihe and Yangtze rice areas. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 17, 32–38.Google Scholar