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Malice at the Gates of Eden: current and future distribution of Agrilus mali threatening wild and domestic apples

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2022

Zhaozhi Lu Open the ORCID record for Zhaozhi Lu [Opens in a new window] ,
Xiaoxian Liu ,
Ting Wang ,
Ping Zhang ,
Zhenlin Wang ,
Yanlong Zhang ,
Darren J. Kriticos  and
Myron P. Zalucki
Zhaozhi Lu*
Affiliation:
College of Plant Health and Medicine of Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Xiaoxian Liu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
Ting Wang
Affiliation:
College of Plant Health and Medicine of Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Ping Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
Zhenlin Wang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
Yanlong Zhang
Affiliation:
Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
Darren J. Kriticos
Affiliation:
CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Canberra ACT, Australia 2601 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072
Myron P. Zalucki
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072
*
Author for correspondence: Zhaozhi Lu, Email: zhaozhi_lv@sina.com
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Abstract

The apple buprestid, Agrilus mali Matsumura, that was widespread in north-eastern China, was accidently introduced to the wild apple forest ecosystem in mountainous areas of Xinjiang, China. This invasive beetle feeds on domesticated apples and many species of Malus and presents a serious threat to ancestral apple germplasm sources and apple production worldwide. Estimating the potential area at risk of colonization by A. mali is crucial for instigating appropriate preventative management strategies, especially under global warming. We developed a CLIMEX model of A. mali to project this pest's potential distribution under current and future climatic scenarios in 2100 using CSIRO-Mk 3.0 GCM running the SRES A1B emissions scenario. Under current climate, A. mali could potentially invade neighbouring central Asia and eventually the mid-latitude temperate zone, and some subtropical areas and Pampas Steppe in the Southern Hemisphere. This potential distribution encompasses wild apples species, the ancestral germplasm for domesticated apples. With global warming, the potential distribution shifts to higher latitudes, with the potential range expanding slightly, though the overall suitability could decline in both hemispheres. In 2100, the length of the growing season of this pest in the mid-latitude temperature zone could increase by 1–2 weeks, with higher growth rates in most sites compared with current climate in mid-latitudes, at least in China. Our work highlights the need for strategies to prevent the spread of this pest, managing the threats to wild apples in Tian Shan Mountain forests in Central Asia, and commercial apple production globally. We discuss practical management tactics to reduce the spread of this pest and mitigate its impacts.

Keywords

Apple buprestidbiosecurityCLIMEXniche modellinguncertainty analysiswild apple
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 112 , Issue 6 , December 2022 , pp. 745 - 757
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Copyright
Copyright © Qingdao Agriculture University, 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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