Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-25T02:16:29.397Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Differential effect of Agaricus host species on the population development of Megaselia halterata (Diptera: Phoridae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2007

J.E. Smith ,
M.P. Challen ,
P.F. White ,
R.N. Edmondson  and
D. Chandler
J.E. Smith*
Affiliation:
Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK
M.P. Challen
Affiliation:
Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK
P.F. White
Affiliation:
Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK
R.N. Edmondson
Affiliation:
Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK
D. Chandler
Affiliation:
Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK
*
*Fax: 02476 574500 E-mail: jane.e.smith@warwick.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Twelve isolates from the genus Agaricus (Fungi, Basidiomycota) were investigated for their ability to support development of the phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), which is an important pest of the commercial white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Combined effects of oviposition of adult female M. halterata and larval development in mushroom compost inoculated with Agaricus mycelium were determined using bioassays. The numbers of M. halterata offspring that developed were affected by the Agaricus isolate used, and there was a significant separation between resistant and susceptible isolates. In a bioassay where the female phorids had a choice of all 12 isolates for oviposition, three isolates produced >200 adults per 100 g compost pot while the remaining nine isolates had <20 adults per pot. Where there was no choice of Agaricus isolate for oviposition, five isolates resulted in >100 adults per 100 g compost pot while the remainder resulted in <4 adults per pot. With the susceptible isolates, there was a positive correlation between increasing concentration of mycelium in the substrate and phorid development until the concentration exceeded 40% after which numbers of emerging phorids declined. Genetic identity of Agaricus isolates was determined using ITS sequencing and phylogenetic methods, which revealed two major cluster groups. Isolates supporting the development of large populations of M. halterata were located in one of these clusters (group I), and were either Agaricus bisporus or other species from the same Agaricus section Duploannulatae. Isolates that did not support the development of M. halterata populations were located in a different cluster (group II) and were more genetically distant from A. bisporus, e.g. Agaricus sections Arvenses, Minores and Xanthodermatei. Species of Agaricus with resistance to M. halterata could have significant potential for the breeding and cultivation of phorid-free mushrooms.

Keywords

Agaricusgenetic identityresistanceMegaselia halteratamushroom phorid fliespopulation development
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 96 , Issue 6 , December 2006 , pp. 565 - 571
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ali, M.A. (1997) The physiology of growth and morphogenesis in the thermotolerant strains of Agaricus bitorquis and related species. 191 pp. PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, UK.Google Scholar
Calvo-Bado, L., Noble, R., Challen, M., Dobrovin-Pennington, A. & Elliott, T. (2000) Sexuality and genetic identity in the Agaricus section Arvenses. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 66, 728–734.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Challen, M.P. & Elliott, T.J. (1986) Polypropylene straw ampoules for the storage of microorganisms in liquid nitrogen. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 5, 11–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Challen, M.P., Kerrigan, R.W., Callac, P. (2003) A phylogenetic reconstruction and emendation of Agaricus section Duploannulatae. Mycologia. 95, 61–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cimarra, M., Martinez Cocera, C., Chamorro, M., Cabrera, M., Robledo, T., Lombardero, M., Alonso, A., Castellano, A. & Bartolome, J.M. (1999) Occupational asthma caused by champignon flies. Allergy Copenhagen. 54, 521–525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clift, A.D. & Terras, M.A. (1995) Interactions between 3 species of mushroom cecids (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) and 3 hybrid strains of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 46, 627–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dieleman-van Zaayen, A. (1972) Spread, prevention and control of mushroom virus disease. Mushroom Science. 8, 131–154.Google Scholar
Elliott, T.J. (1985) Spawn-making and spawns. pp. 131–139 in Flegg, P.B., Spencer, D.M. & Wood, D.A. (Eds) The biology and technology of the cultivated mushroom. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Felsenstein, J. (2004) PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package). Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle.Google Scholar
Fritsche, G. (1991) A personal view on mushroom breeding from 1957–1991. pp. 3–18 in Genetics and breeding of Agaricus. Proceedings of the First International Seminar on Mushroom Science, Mushroom Experimental Station, Horst, Netherlands 14–17 May 1991 Pudoc, Wageningen.Google Scholar
Frouz, J. & Nováková, A. (2001) A new method for rearing the sciarid fly, Lycoriella ingenua (Diptera: Sciaridae), in the laboratory: possible implications for the study of fly–fungal interactions. Pedobiologia. 45, 329–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geml, J., Geiser, D.M. & Royse, D.J. (2004) Molecular evolution of Agaricus species based on ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Mycological Progress. 3, 157–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gen Stat, (2000) Guide to GenStat, Lawes Agricultural Trust (Rothamsted Experimental Station).Google Scholar
Grove, J.F. & Blight, M.M. (1983) The oviposition attractant for the mushroom phorid Megaselia halterata – the identification of volatiles present in mushroom house air. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 34, 181–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussey, N.W. (1959) Biology of mushroom phorids. Mushroom Science. 4, 260–270.Google Scholar
Hussey, N.W. & Gurney, B. (1964) Rearing techniques for mushroom fly. Plant Pathology. 13, 38–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussey, N.W. & Wyatt, I.J. (1962) The interaction between mushroom mycelium and insect pest populations. Mushroom Science. 5, 509–517.Google Scholar
Hussey, N.W., Read, W.H. & Hesling, J.J. (1969) The pests of protected cultivation. pp. 306–325 in The biology and control of glasshouse and mushroom pests. London, Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Kerrigan, R.W. (2005) Agaricus subrufescens, a cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, and its synonyms. Mycologia. 97, 12–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerrigan, R.W., Callac, P., Xu, J. & Noble, R. (1999) Population and phylogenetic structure within the Agaricus subfloccosus complex. Mycological Research. 103, 1515–1523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerrigan, R.W., Callac, P., Guinberteau, J., Challen, M.P. & Parra, L.A. (2006) Agaricus section Xanthodermatei: a phylogenetic reconstruction with commentary on taxa. Mycologia, in press.Google Scholar
Moore, A.J., Challen, M.P., Warner, P.J., Elliott, T.J. (2001) RAPD discrimination of Agaricus bisporus mushroom cultivars. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 55, 742–749.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moreton, B.D. (1954) The phorid. MGA Bulletin. 50, 62–65.Google Scholar
Noble, R., Grogan, H.M. & Elliott, T.J. (1995) Variation in morphology, growth, and fructification of isolates in the Agaricus subfloccosus complex. Mycological Research. 99, 1453–1461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, P.N. & Hesling, J.J. (1978) Lab rearing of the mushroom phorid Megaselia halterata (Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of Applied Biology. 88, 211–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rysavy, F.R., Bishop, M.J., Gibbs, G.P. & Williams, G.W. (1992) The UK Human Genome Mapping Project online computing service. Computer Applications in the Biosciences. 8, 149–154.Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, J.E., White, P.F., Edmondson, R.N. & Chandler, D. (2006) Variations in development of the mushroom sciarid fly Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839) reared on different Agaricus species. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 120, 63–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C.A. (1942) Mushroom insects: their biology and control. Pennsylvania State College Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin 419, 43 pp.Google Scholar
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. & Gibson, T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research. 22, 4673–4680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, P.F. (1981) Spread of the mushroom disease Verticillium fungicola by Megaselia halterata (Diptera: Phoridae). Protection Ecology. 3, 17–24.Google Scholar
White, P.F. (1983) Automatic spraying for phorid control – commercial trials. Mushroom Journal. 128, 293–295.Google Scholar
White, P.F. & Smith, J.E. (2000) Population development of mushroom pests on species and strains of Agaricus. pp. 707–712 in Proceedings of 15th International Congress on the Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi15–19th May 2000MaastrichtNetherlands.Google Scholar