Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T23:53:23.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Breeding Media of some common Flies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Mathias Thomsen  and
Ole Hammer
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

When studying the biology of the house-fly or any other fly annoying to man and domestic animals with a view to practical control, it is obvious that a correct knowledge of the breeding-places of the species is perhaps the most important problem which the investigator has to solve. As to the common house-fly (Musca domestica, L.) it is generally held that this problem has been completely cleared up by several workers years ago, but recent observations in Denmark have convinced the writers that this is not the case. We have arrived at conclusions regarding the chief breeding-places of the house-fly differing from those generally found in text-books.

Our work has not been limited to Musca domestica, for we have as far as possible studied the breeding-places of other flies occurring in houses or connected with domestic animals, first and foremost the stable-fly (Stomoxys calcitrans, L.). The knowledge of the biology of the stable-fly in Europe is surprisingly meagre, though the practical interest of this species as a tormentor of cattle and horses and a possible vector of infectious diseases is generally recognised.

As our observations may be of some interest to workers in other countries we have collected them in this paper, which constitutes the third of a series containing the main results of our investigations into the fly problem started under the auspices of the Health Organisation of the League of Nations and the Danish Committee of Rural Hygiene and with the support of the Danish Ministry of Agriculture and several private funds.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , December 1936 , pp. 559 - 587
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1936

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Austen, E. E. (1928). The House-Fly, 3rd ed., Brit. Mus., Econ. Series, no. 1A.Google Scholar
Bishopp, F. C. (1931). The Stable Fly: How to prevent its annoyance and its losses to live stock.—Frmrs' Bull., no. 1097, U.S. Dep. Agric., No. 1097.Google Scholar
Graham-Smith, G. S. (1916). Observations on the habits and parasites of common flies.—Parasitology 8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hase, A. (1935). Üiber Wärme entwicklung in Massensuchten von Insekten, etc.— Zool. Anz. 112.Google Scholar
Hewitt, C. G. (1907–1908). On the life-history of the Root-Maggot, Anthomyia radicum, Meigen.—J. Econ. Biol. 2.Google Scholar
Hewitt, C. G. (1914). The House-Fly, Musca domestica Linn. Its structure, habits, development, relation to disease and control.—Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hindle, E. (1914). Flies in relation to disease. Blood-sucking Flies.—Cambridge.Google Scholar
Howard, L. O. (1900). A contribution to the study of the insect fauna of human excrement.—Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2.Google Scholar
Howard, L. O. (1911). The House Fly. Disease Carrier. 2nd edition, New York.Google Scholar
Howard, L. O. & Bishopp, F. C. (1927). The House Fly and how to suppress it.—Frmrs' Bull., U.S. Dep. Agric. 1708.Google Scholar
Howard, L. O. & Bishopp, F. C. & Hutchison, R. H. (1915). House Flies.—Frmrs' Bull., U.S. Dep. Agric. no. 679.Google Scholar
Karl, O. (1928). Zweiflügler oder Diptera. III: Muscidae.—Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 13. Teil.Google Scholar
Keilin, D. (1917). Recherches sur les Anthomyides à larves carnivores.—Parasitology 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesne, P. (1921). La faune entomologique des fosses d'aisances de la région parisienne. Les Fannia scatophages.—Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. 27.Google Scholar
Lörincz, F. & Makara, G. (1935). Observations and experiments on fly control and the biology of the house fly.—League of Nations, Health Organisation, C.H./Hyg. rur./E.H.5 (multigraph).Google Scholar
Madsen-Mygdal, T. (1915). Stuefluens Bekæmpelse paa Landet.—Vort Landbrug 34.Google Scholar
Mellor, J. E. M. (1920). Observations on the habits of certain flies, especially of those breeding in manure.—Ann. Appl. Biol. 6.Google Scholar
Mitzmain, M. B. (1913). The bionomics of Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, a preliminary account.—Philipp. J. Sci. (B.) 8.Google Scholar
Newstead, R. (1905–1906). On the life-history of Stomoxys calcitrans Linn.—J. Econ. Biol. 1.Google Scholar
Nieschulz, O. (1933). Ueber die Bedeutung der Vorzugstemperatur von Insekten (besonders von Fliegen und Mücken).—Zool. Anz. 103.Google Scholar
Nieschulz, O. (1933). Over de reactievan Stomoxys op verschillende temperaturen.—Ned.-Indische Bladen voor Diergeneeskunde 45.Google Scholar
Parker, R. H. (1918). Data concerning flies that frequent privy vaults in Montana (Dipt.).—Ent. News 29.Google Scholar
Patton, W. S. (1931). Insects, Ticks, Mites, and Venomous Animals of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Part II, Public Health.Google Scholar
Portschinsky, I. A. (1910). Recherches biologiques sur le Stomoxys calcitrans L., et biologie comparée des mouches coprophages.—Work Appl. Ent. (Mem. Bur. Ent. Sci. Comm. Centr. Bd. Land Adm. Agric), 8, no. 8.Google Scholar
Portschinsky, I. A. (1913). Muscina stabulans Fall.—Work Appl. Ent. (Mem. Bur. Ent. Sci. Comm. Centr. Bd. Land Adm. Agric) 10, no. 1.Google Scholar
Roubaud, E. (1915). Production et auto-destruction par le fumier de cheval des mouches domestiques.—C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 161.Google Scholar
Séguy, E. (1923). Diptères Anthomyides.—Faune de France, Paris.Google Scholar
Séguy, E. (1923). Etude sur le Muscina stabulans Fallén (Diptère).—Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. 29.Google Scholar
Séguy, E. (1933). La Mouche charbonneuse (Stomoxys).—Terre et la Vie, 3, no. 7.Google Scholar
Surcouf, J. M. R. (1921). 1° Note sur la biologie de Stomoxys calcitrans L.—Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. 27.Google Scholar
Surcouf, J. M. R. (1923). Deuxième note sur les conditions biologiques du Stomoxys calcitrans L.—Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. 29.Google Scholar
Thomsen, M. (1934). Fly control in Denmark.—Quart. Bull. League of Nations, 3.Google Scholar
Thomsen, M. (1935). A comparative study of the development of the Stomoxydinae (especially Haematobia stimulans Meigen) with remarks on other coprophagous Muscids.—Proc. Zool. Soc. London.Google Scholar
Wilhelmi, J. (1917). Die gemeine Stechfliege (Wadenstecher).—Monogr. Z. angew. Ent. no. 2.Google Scholar