Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-01T16:31:01.786Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A biochemical and toxicological study of the role of insensitive acetylcholinesterase in organophosphorus resistant Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Israel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Frank J. Byrne ,
Matthew Cahill ,
Ian Denholm  and
Alan L. Devonshire
Frank J. Byrne*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK.
Matthew Cahill
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK.
Ian Denholm
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK.
Alan L. Devonshire
Affiliation:
Department of Biological & Ecological Chemistry, AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK.
*
Department of Biological and Ecological Chemistry, AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two acetylcholinesterase (AChE) variants, differing in sensitivity to inhibition by the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide paraoxon were identified in a population of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) from cotton in Israel using a single insect kinetic microplate assay. Two strains were established, homogeneous for one or other of the two variants, by isolating mated females from the field population onto individual cotton leaves, and testing a proportion of their female offspring to identify their AChE genotype. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their I-naphthyl butyrate hydrolyzing esterases showed that all insects contained esterase E0 14, which is indicative of B-type whiteflies, although the staining intensity of this band differed. Resistance to the OPs monocrotophos, profenofos and chlorpyrifos in leaf dip bioassays was consistent with the presence of the insensitive AChE. The data also indicated that separate mechanisms conferred resistance to the two pyrethroids cypermethrin and bifenthrin. The former, when used in a mixture with profenofos, was no more toxic than when the OP was used alone, and resistance to the mixture was largely dependent on the presence of the insensitive AChE.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 84 , Issue 2 , June 1994 , pp. 179 - 184
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bedford, I.D., Briddon, R.W., Markham, P.G., Brown, J.K. & Rosell, R.C. (1992) Bemisia tabaci-biotype characterization and the threat of this whitefly species to agriculture. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference — Pests and Diseases 1992, 1235–1240.Google Scholar
Blackman, R.L. (1971) Variation in the photoperiodic response within natural populations of Myzus persicae (Sulz.). Bulletin of Entomological Research 60, 533–546.Google Scholar
Byrne, F.J. (1992) Biochemical study of insecticide resistance in the cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). PhD Thesis Council for National Academic Awards.Google Scholar
Byrne, F.J. & Devonshire, A.L. (1991) In vivo inhibition of esterase and acetylcholinesterase activities by profenofos treatments in the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.): implications for routine biochemical monitoring of these enzymes. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 40, 198–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, F.J. & Devonshire, A.L. (1993) Insensitive acetylcholin esterase and esterase polymorphism in susceptible and resistant populations of the tobacco whitefly. Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 45, 34–42.Google Scholar
Byrne, F.J., Denholm, I., Birnie, L.C., Devonshire, A.L. & Rowland, M.W. (1992) Analysis of insecticide resistance in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). pp. 165–178 in Denholm, I., Devonshire, A.L & Hollomon, D.W. (Eds) Achievements and developments in combatting pesticide resistance. London, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Cahill, M. & Hackett, B. (1992) Insecticidal activity and expression of pyrethroid resistance in adult Bemisia tabaci using a glass vial bioassay. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Pests and Diseases(1992), 251–256.Google Scholar
Cohen, S., Duffus, J.E. & Liu, H.Y. (1992) A new Bemisia tabcmci biotype in the southwestern United States and its role in silverleaf of squash and transmission of lettuce infectious yellows virus. Phytopathology 82, 86–90.Google Scholar
Costa, H.S. & Brown, J.K. (1991) Variation in biological characteristics and esterase patterns among populations of Bemisia tabaci, and the association of one population with silverleaf symptom induction. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 61, 211–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennehy, T.J., Granett, J. & Leigh, T.F. (1983) Relevance of slide-dip and residual bioassay comparisons to detection of resistance in spider mites. Journal of Economic Entomology 76, 1225–1230.Google Scholar
Dittrich, V., Hassan, S.C. & Ernst, G.H. (1985) Sudanese cotton and the whitefly: a case study of the emergence of a new primary pest. Crop Protection 4, 161–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittrich, V., Ernst, G.E., Ruesch, O. & Uk, S. (1990a) Resistance mechanisms in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), populations from the Sudan, Turkey, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Journal of Economic Entomology 83, 1665–1670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittrich, V., Uk, S. & Ernst, G.H. (1990b) Chemical control and insecticide resistance in whiteflies. pp. 263–285 in Gerling, D. (Ed) Whiteflies: their bionomics, pest status and management. Andover, Intercept.Google Scholar
Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V. & Featherstone, R.M. (1961) A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology 7, 88–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ffrench-Constant, R.H. & Bonning, B.C. (1989) Rapid microtitre plate test distinguishes insecticide resistant acetylcholiriesterase genotypes in the mosquitoe. Anopheles albimanus, An. nigerrimus and Culex pipiens. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 3, 9–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horowitz, A.R., Toscano, N.C., Youngman, R.R. & Georghiou, G.P. (1988) Synergism of insecticides with DEF in sweet-potato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 81, 110–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ishaaya, I., Mendelson, Z., Ascher, K.R.S. & Casida, J.E. (1987) Cypermethrin synergism by pyrethroid esterase inhibitors in adults of the whitefl. Bemisia tabaci Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 28, 155–162.Google Scholar
Moores, G.D., Devonshire, A.L. & Denholm, I. (1988 a) A microtitre plate assay for characterizing insensitive acetylcholinesterase genotypes of insecticide-resistant insects Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 537–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moores, G.D., Denholm, I., Byrne, F.J., Kennedy, A.L. & Devonshire, A.L. (1988 b) Characterizing acetylcholinesterase genotypes in resistant insect populations. Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference — Pests and Diseases(1988), 451–456.Google Scholar
Oppenoorth, F.J. (1985) Biochemistry and genetics of insecticide resistance. Vol. 12, pp. 731–773in Kerkut, G.A. & Gilbert, L.I. (Eds) Comprehensive insect physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. Oxford, Pergamon.Google Scholar
Perring, T.M., Cooper, A., Kazmer, D.J., Shields, C. & Shields, J. (1991) New strain of sweetpotato whitefly invades California vegetables. California Agriculture 45, 10–12.Google Scholar
Prabhaker, N., Coudriet, D.L. & Toscano, N.C. (1988) Effect of synergists on organophosphate and perrnethrin resistance in sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 81, 34–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roush, R.T. & Miller, G.L. (1986) Considerations for design of insecticide resistance monitoring programs. Journal of Economic Entomology 79, 293–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowland, M.W., Hackett, B. & Stribley, M. (1991) Evaluation of insecticides in field control simulators and standard laboratory bioassays against resistant and susceptible Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Sudan. Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, 189–199.Google Scholar
Sawicki, R.M. (1987) Definition, detection and documentation of insecticide resistance. pp. 105–117 in Ford, M.G., Hollomon, D.W., Khambay, B.P.S. & Sawicki, R.M. (Eds) Biological and chemical approaches to combatting resistance to xenobiotics Chichester, Ellis Horwood.Google Scholar