Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T00:46:03.862Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Electrophoretic study of enzymes from cereal aphid populations. V. Spatial and temporal genetic similarity of holocyclic populations of the bird-cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in Britain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

H. D. Loxdale  and
C. P Brookes
H. D. Loxdale
Affiliation:
Entomology & Nematology Department, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL52JQ, UK
C. P Brookes
Affiliation:
Entomology & Nematology Department, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL52JQ, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Large colonies of holocyclic Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) were sampled in May-June in 1985 and 1986 from the principal host, Prunus padus, in various parts of Britain, mainly in the south-east. They were tested electrophoretically using nine enzymes representing 14 putative genetic loci. Only two loci (14%) were polymorphic (GOT, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, and SORDH, sorbitol dehydrogenase), the remainder being monomorphic. Allele and genotype frequencies at each locus were generally similar both spatially and temporally, and genotype frequencies were close to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The low level of genetic variability may reflect population bottlenecks which have purged most of the variation and which have been imposed by the distribution of P. padus, especially in the south of Britain where the tree is generally scarce. In addition, it is probable that adverse climatic conditions directly affect winter survival of anholocyclic populations of the aphid and thus also reduce variability. In the long term, such bottlenecks would tend to preclude the maintenance of effectively neutral enzyme variants that arise within populations. The similarity of allele and genotype frequencies may reflect the highly migratory behaviour of R. padi. Thus, in southern Britain, where P. padus is generally much rarer in comparison with the north of the country, R. padi inter-population gene flow is still sufficient to alleviate the influences of genetic drift and possible directional selection on the allelic variation that remains.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 78 , Issue 2 , June 1988 , pp. 241 - 249
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blackman, R. L. (1981). Species, sex and parthenogenesis in aphids.—pp. 75–85 in Forey, P. L. (Ed.). The evolving biosphere.—311 pp. Cambridge, Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Brookes, C. P. & Loxdale, H. D. (1985). A device for simultaneously homogenizing numbers of individual small insects for electrophoresis.—Bull. ent. Res. 75, 377–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brookes, C. P. & Loxdale, H. D. (1987). Survey of enzyme variation in British populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on crops and weed hosts.—Bull. ent. Res. 77, 83–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, N., McLean, I. F. G., Watt, A. D. & Dixon, A. F. G. (1980). Cereal aphids: a case study and review.—pp. 271–348 in Coaker, T. H. (Ed.). Applied biology. Vol. V.—407 pp. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, A. (1980). Biochemical systematics and evolution.—194 pp. Glasgow, Blackie.Google Scholar
Ffrench-Constant, R. H., Devonshire, A. L. & Clark, S. J. (1987). Differential rate of selection for resistance by carbamate, organophosphorus and combined pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).—Bull. ent. Res. 77, 227–238.Google Scholar
Furk, C. (1986). Incidence and distribution of insecticide-resistant strains of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in England and Wales in 1980–84.—Bull. ent. Res. 76, 53–58.Google Scholar
Hand, S. C. (1982). The overwintering and dispersal of cereal aphids.—Ph.D. thesis, Southampton Univ.Google Scholar
Hardy, A. C. & Cheng, L. (1986). Studies in the distribution of insects by aerial currents. III. Insect drift over the sea.—Ecol. Entomol. 11, 283–290.Google Scholar
Harris, H. & Hopkinson, D. A. (1977). Handbook of enzyme electrophoresis in human genetics.— Amsterdam, North-Holland Publ.Google Scholar
May, B. & Holbrook, F. R. (1978). Absence of genetic variability in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).—Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 71, 809–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loxdale, H. D. & Brookes, C. P. (1987). Use of electrophoretic markers to study the spatial and temporal genetic structure of populations of a holocyclic aphid species—Sitobion fragariae (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).—pp. 100–110 in Population structure, genetics and taxonomy of aphids and Thysanoptera. Proceedings of International Symposia, held at Smolenice, Czechoslovakia, September 9–14, 1985.—542 pp. The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
Loxdale, H. D., Castañera, P. & Brookes, C. P. (1983). Electrophoretic study of enzymes from cereal aphid populations. I. Electrophoretic techniques and staining systems for characterising isoenzymes from six species of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae).—Bull. ent. Res. 73, 645–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loxdale, H. D., Tarr, I. J., Weber, C. P., Brookes, C. P., Digby, P. G. N. & Castañera, P. (1985). Electrophoretic study of enzymes from cereal aphid populations. III. Spatial and temporal genetic variation of populations of Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).—Bull. ent. Res. 75, 121–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plumb, R. T. (1983). Barley yellow dwarf virus-a global problem.—pp. 185–198in Plumb, R. T. & Thresh, J. M. (Eds). Plant virus epidemiology.—377 pp. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Rhomberg, L. R., Joseph, S. & Singh, R. S. (1985). Seasonal variation and clonal selection in cyclically parthenogenetic rose aphids (Macrosiphum rosae).—Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 27, 224–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sammeta, K. P. V. & Levins, R. (1970). Genetics and ecology.—A. Rev. Genet. 4, 469–488.Google Scholar
Sherlock, P. L., Bowden, J. & Digby, P. G. N. (1986). Studies of elemental composition as a biological marker in insects. V. The elemental composition of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Prunus padus at different localities.—Bull. ent. Res. 76, 621–632.Google Scholar
Tatchell, G. M., Parker, S. J. & Woiwod, I. P. (1983). Synoptic monitoring of migrant insect pests in Great Britain and Western Europe. IV. Host plants and their distribution for pest aphids in Great Britain.—Rep. Rothamsted exp. Stn 1982 (2), 45–159.Google Scholar
Tatchell, G. M., Plumb, R. T. & Carter, N. (1988). Migration of alate morphs of the bird cherry aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) and implications for the epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf virus.—Ann. appl. Biol. 112, 1–11.Google Scholar
Tomiuk, J. & Wörhmann, K. (1983). Enzyme polymorphism and taxonomy of aphid species.—Z. Zool. Syst. & Evolutionsforsch. 21, 266–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vickerman, G. P. & Wratten, S. D. (1979). The biology and pest status of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Europe: a review.—Bull. ent. Res. 69, 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiktelius, S. (1987). The role of grasslands in the yearly life-cycle of Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Sweden.—Ann. appl. Biol. 110, 9–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C. T. (1987). Comparison of the winter development, reproduction and lifespan of viviparae of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat and perennial rye grass in England.—Bull. ent. Res. 77, 35–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woiwod, I. P., Tatchell, G. M., Dupuch, M. J., MacAulay, E. D. M., Parker, S. J. & Taylor, M. S. (1986). Rothamsted Insect Survey. Seventeenth annual summary. Suction traps 1985.—Rep. Rothamsted exp. Stn 1985, 253–283.Google Scholar
Wöhrmann, K. & Tomiuk, J. (in press). Life-cycle strategies and genotypic variability in populations of aphids.—J. Genetics.Google Scholar
Workman, P. L. & Niswander, J. D. (1970). Population studies on south-western Indian tribes. II. Local genetic differentiation in the Pagago.—Am. J. hum. Genet. 22, 24–49.Google Scholar