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Validation of the n–alkane technique to measure intake and digestibility in Alentejano pigs under “Montanheira”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

M. I. Ferraz de Oliveira
Affiliation:
ICAM, Universidade de Évora - Polo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora Portuga
A. P. Trigo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Évora - Polo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora Portugal
J. A. Neves
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Évora - Polo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora Portugal
M. Cancela d´Abreu
Affiliation:
Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Évora - Polo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora Portugal
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Summary

In the traditional silvo–pastoral system, Alentejano pigs are fattened with acorns and pasture. Although this production system (“Montanheira”) has been characterised, there is a lack of knowledge on intake and digestibility of the diet, mainly due to the absence of tested methodologies in pigs. The n–alkane technique, extensively used in ruminants to estimate diet intake and digestibilitiy, has had less use in pigs. The objective of this experiment was to validate the n–alkane technique in Alentejano pigs. Faecal recoveries of natural and dosed n-alkanes, the diurnal variation of faecal n–alkane concentration, and the time span required to reach a steady state excretion of dosed alkanes were determined. Eight male Alentejano pigs (54.4±9.8 kg LW) were randomly allocated to two groups and placed in metabolic cages. They were fed 0.7 kg of pasture and 0.7kg of ground acorns daily as two meals. Pigs in Group-1 were given once daily artificial C32 (40mg/d) and C36 (40 mg/d) and those in Group-2 the same alkanes as two daily doses of 20 mg. Steady state excretion of both alkanes was reached 3 days after first dosing. Although no difference (P>0.05) was observed between treatments, the coefficient of variation of feacal alkane concentration when dosed twice daily was generally lower than when dosed once daily. Mean faecal recoveries of n–alkanes increased with increasing carbon-chain length (C25 to C36) from 38 to 69%, but were not significantly different from C29, C32, C33 and C36 (mean 0.694 SEM 0.067). Faecal nalkanes in samples collected every four hours for three days showed no diurnal variation in patterns of excretion apart from a higher concentration of C32 4 hours after dosing once daily. However variation between animals was lower when artificial alkanes were dosed twice daily than when once daily. The results indicate that the n–alkane techique may be used to estimate intake and digestibility under “Montanheira”, although further validation work needs to be done.

Resumen

Resumen

En el sistema tradicional silvo-pastoral, los cerdos Alentejano son engordados con bellotas y pasto. Aunque este sistema ha sido caracterizado (“Montanheira”), existe una falta de conocimiento respecto al consumo y digestibilidad de la dieta, principalmente debido a la ausencia de metodologías validadas en cerdos. La técnica de los alcanos, ampliamente empleada en los rumiantes para estimar consumo y digestibilidad de la dieta ha sido poco empleada para cerdos. El objetivo de este experimento fue validar la técnica de los n-alcanos en los cerdos Alentejano. Se determinó la recuperación fecal de los n-alcanos naturales y dosificados, la variación diurna de la concentración fecal de n-alcanos, y el tiempo requerido para la alcanzar una excreción estable (“steady state”) de los alcanos dosificados. Ocho cerdos Alentejano machos (54.4±9.8 kg PV) fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos y colocados en jaulas metabólicas. Se les alimentó con 0.7 kg de pasto y 0.7 kg de bellotas molidas diariamente distribuyendo la ración en dos comidas. Los cerdos del grupo 1 fueron dosificados diariamente con una dosis de alcano artificial C32 (40mg/d) y C36 (40 mg/d), los del grupo 2 se les administró las misma cantidad pero en dos dosis de 20 mg. La excreción de ambos alcanos se estabilizó (“steady state”) después de 3 días de las primera dosis. Aunque no se encontró diferencia (P>0.05) entre tratamientos, el coeficiente de variación de la concentración fecal de alcanos fue generalmente más bajo para aquellos cerdos dosificados dos veces diarias (grupo 2) que aquellos que recibieron una sola dosis. La recuperación fecal media de los nalcanos se incrementó con la longitud de la cadena de carbono (C25a C36) de 17% a 104%. Los n-alcanos fecales en las muestras colectadas cada cuatro horas por tres días no mostraron algún patrón de variación diurna excepto por una mayor concentración de C32 cuatro horas después de una sola dosificación diaria. Sin embargo, la variación entre animales fue menor cuando los alcanos sintéticos fueron dosificados dos veces comparado con una sola dosis.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006

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References

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