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Mean chewing time in horses fed different forages supplemented with concentrates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

P. Noergard
Affiliation:
Deparment of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark
L. Raff
Affiliation:
Deparment of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark
U. Poulsgaard
Affiliation:
Deparment of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark
L. Eriksen
Affiliation:
Department of Large Animal Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark
T.M. Soeland
Affiliation:
Department of Large Animal Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark
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Summary

A 3 x 3 Latin square design was conducted with 3 trotters (mean weight 510 kg) fed concentrates supplemented with 5.0 kg wrap bale grass silage (WS), 7.0 kg mixed hay (H) or 6.0 kg barley straw (BS) daily. Amounts of concentrates were adjusted to cover maintenance energy requirements together with forage. Concentrates, WS, H and BS had 86, 80, 86, and 87% DM with 350, 560, 610 and 740 g NDF/kg DM, and 190, 350, 390 and 490 g ADF/kg DM, respectively. Forages and concentrates were fed twice daily, but during the 4 experimental days, the horses had access to one quarter of the daily forage ration for 60 minutes at 9 am, 11 am, 1 pm and 3 pm. Forages not eaten within each of the four meals were recorded and fed again at 4 pm. Eating behaviour was observed and jaw moments (JM) recorded from 7 am to 4 pm by measuring pressure oscillations (PO) in a tube filled with water positioned around the mouth. Effective time spent chewing (ECT) and the numbers of jaw movements (JM) were identified from the manual observations and JM with exclusion of small pauses without mastication. The number of JM, the effective chewing rate and the ECT values per kg forage DM, forage NDF and forage ADF differed significantly (P<0.01) between forages and between forages and concentrates (P<0.01). The mean ECT values ranged from 50±4.7 minutes per kg WS dry matter to 100±4.7 minutes per kg BS dry matter, and from 90± 6 minutes per kg WS NDF to 135±6 minutes per kg BS NDF. The highest chewing rate (1.45±0.06 Hz) was found during concentrate meals and the lowest during BS meals (1.20±0.05 Hz). The horses spent more time eating (min/kg NDF) forages compared with values reported from cattle eating forages, whereas the total ECT values of 90 to 135 minutes chewing time per kg NDF in horses range from 60 to 90% of the time dairy cows to spent masticating during eating plus ruminating.

Resumen

Resumen

Se empleó un diseño de cuadrado latino 3 x 3 con tres caballos (peso promedio 510 kg) alimentados con concentrados y suplementados con 5.0 kg de ensilado de pasto (“wrap bale”)(WS), 7.0 kg de heno mixto (H) o 6.0 kg de paja de cebada (BS) diariamente. Las cantidades de los concentrados fueron ajustados para cubrir las necesidades de mantenimiento de energía conjuntamente con el pasto. El concentrado, WS, H y BS tenían 86, 80, 86, y 87% MS con 350, 560, 610 y 740 g/kgMS FDN, y 190, 350, 390 y 490 g/kgMS FDA, respectivamente. Los forrajes y los concentrados fueron servidos dos veces al día, pero durante los cuatro días experimentales los caballos tenían acceso a un cuarto de la ración diaria por 60 min a las 9 am, 11 am, 1 pm y 3 pm. El Forraje no consumido durante cada una de las cuatro comidas fue registrado y servido de nuevo a las 4 pm. Se observo la conducta ingestiva y los movimientos de la mandíbula (JM) registrados de 7 am a 4 pm midiendo las oscilaciones de presión (PO) en un tubo lleno de agua colocado alrededor de la boca. El tiempo efectivo empleado en masticar (ECT) y el número de movimientos de mandíbula (JM) fueron identificados a partir de observaciones manuales y JM por exclusión de pequeñas pausas sin masticación. El número de JM, la tasa efectiva de masticación y el ECT por kg de MS, FDN y FDA del forraje fueron significativamente diferentes (P<0.01) entre forrajes y entre los forrajes y el concentrado (P<0.01). El valor medio de ECT se varió dentro de un rango de 50±4.7 min por kg MS de WS a 100±4.7 min por kg MS de BS, y de 90± 6 min kg FDN de WS a 135±6 min por kg FDN de BS. La mayor tasa de masticación (1.45±0.06 Hz) fue encontrada durante las comidas de concentrados y la menor durante las comidas de BS (1.20±0.05 Hz). Los caballos emplearon mas tiempo comiendo forrajes (min/kg FDN) comparado con los valores reportados para bovinos consumiendo forrajes, mientras que los valores totales de ECT de 90 a 135 min de masticación por kg FDN en caballos estuvo dentro del rango de 60 a 90% del tiempo que las vacas lecheras emplean para masticar durante el consumo más la masticación durante la rumia.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006

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References

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