Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-dwq4g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-31T23:59:00.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

By-products from the food and dairy industries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

D. D. Singer*
Affiliation:
Food Waste Survey Unit, Food Science Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 65 Romney Street, London SW1P 3RD
Get access

Extract

For the purpose of this paper I intend to include within the term ‘by-products’ all those materials that arise from the food industries which are not consumed by the human population of the United Kingdom. Some of these materials are not acceptable as part of the human diet, or, if acceptable, find no ready market. Other materials are inedible, perhaps by humans and other animals, but can be converted into acceptable food or feed whilst yet others which are edible and acceptable are wasted in processing, storage, transport, distribution and in the kitchen and dining room. It is impossible to give a figure for the annual amount of by-products and waste available but statistical evidence points to approximately 6 million tonnes of food, all of which is edible but not consumed. This figure does not include by-products which are not intended for human consumption such as abattoir wastes, whey and brewery wastes and cereal offals. The total figure is therefore larger and represents a considerable potential economic resource. (It must be observed however, that only a small fraction of these wastes and by-products can be economically utilized. Other speakers are dealing with animal slaughter, fish and cereal wastes and I will therefore give only passing attention to these materials.)

About 40 million gallons of cheese whey are produced in the UK each year on the farm. Of this, about 12 million gallons are fed directly to pigs. Although it appears that heavy hog production and cheese making are often associated, disposal of whey on farm remains a problem, since the price fetched by whey may be only a quarter or less than the cost of transport. Disposal on land, where it can be useful as a fertilizer, can lead to pollution problems. Trials carried out by ADAS (Wolverhampton) on both beef and dairy cattle are promising. It has been shown that every kg of barley previously fed to dairy cattle can be replaced by 10 litres of whey at half the cost, making barley feed unnecessary. In diets for steers, calculations have shown that a litre of whey at 6% solids can replace 90g of compound for energy (Peacock, 1977).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Production 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anon. 1977. Converting coffee waste into feed. J. Flour Anim. Feed Milling. CLV (2), p4.Google Scholar
Campden Food Preservation Research Association (CFPRA). 1976. Statistical Review — Part V. UK Food Industry. Processed Foods and Ag. St. Publ. CFPRA.Google Scholar
CFPRA Statistics 19661969. Publ. CFPRA.Google Scholar
Coton, S. G. 1976. Food from Waste. Chapter 16. publ. Milk Marketing Board.Google Scholar
Dalgleish, J. M. 1978. The food processor's viewpoint on discard: maintenance of quality with by-product endeavour. Nat. Indus. Mat. Rec. Assoc. Conf. November 1978. Publ. NIMRA.Google Scholar
Disease of Animals (Waste Food) Order, 1973. SI No. 1936. Publ. HMSO, London.Google Scholar
Eggs Authority. 1973. Egg packaging — an investigation report. Publ. PIRA.Google Scholar
Forage, A. J. 1978. Recovery of yeast from confectionery effluent. Process Biochemistry, 01 1978. 13(1) 8-11, 30.Google Scholar
Hang, Y. D. and Woodams, E. E. 1977. Baked-bean waste: a potential substrate for producing fungal amylases. Appl. Env. Microbiol., 33, 12931294.Google Scholar
Kramer, A. and Kwee, W. H. 1977. Utilization of tomato processing wastes. J. Food Sci., 42, 212215.Google Scholar
Mann, E. J. 1977. Whey utilization and animal feeds. Dairy Industries International, pp 2627.Google Scholar
Peacock, S. 1977. More milk, better beef from whey rations. Farmers Weekly, 08 19, pp 7577.Google Scholar
Potato Marketing Board. 1975. Joint Consultative Org. Symp. ‘Utilization of surplus and waste potatoes and potato waste’. 03 1975, unpublished.Google Scholar
Prices Commission. 1974. Interim report on fruit and vegetables. p. 22, publ. HMSO, London.Google Scholar
Ramm, B. T. (J. Sainsbury Ltd.), November 1975, personal communication. Quoted in R. Roy ‘Wastage in UK food system’ 1976.Google Scholar
Tomlin, A. W. (ARC), 1976, personal communication. Quoted in R. Roy ‘Wastage in UK food system’ 1976.Google Scholar
Wenlock, R. W. and Buss, D. H. 1977. Wastage of edible food in the home — a preliminary study. J. Human Nutr., 31, 405411.Google Scholar
Werner, H. 1977. Techniques for dairy wastes recovery. Food Manufacture 52 (10), 41.Google Scholar