Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T10:50:54.560Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A New Flavian Military Site at Roecliffe, North Yorkshire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2010

M.C. Bishop
M.C. Bishop
Affiliation:
Chirnside, Dunsmcbishop@pobox.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Geophysical survey prior to the upgrading to motorway status of the A1 in the vicinity of Boroughbridge, North Yorkshire, identified a new Roman castra site with double defensive ditches, a series of outwork defences, and strong indications of extramural activity on both the north and south banks of the river Ure. Excavation permitted the examination of a corridor over 0.5 km long through the extramural settlement. Dating evidence suggested a period of occupation ranging between a.d. 71 and at least the first, and possibly the second, half of the 80s.

Keywords

ROMAN ARMYROECLIFFEDERE STREETROMAN FORTIRON AGE POTTERYROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENTVICUS
Type
Articles
Information
Britannia , Volume 36 , November 2005 , pp. 135 - 223
Copyright
Copyright © M.C. Bishop 2005. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allason-Jones, L., and Bishop, M.C. 1988: Excavations at Roman Corbridge: the Hoard, LondonGoogle Scholar
Allason-Jones, L., and Miket, R. 1984: The Catalogue of Small Finds from South Shields Fort, Newcastle upon TyneGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, D. 1914: ‘A hoard of samian ware from Pompeii’, JRS 4, 27–64Google Scholar
Bennett, J. 1986: ‘Fort sizes as a guide to garrison type: a preliminary study of selected forts in the European provinces’, in Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms III, Stuttgart, 707–16Google Scholar
Berger, L. 1960: Römische Gläser aus Vindonissa, BaselGoogle Scholar
Birley, A.R. 1981: Fasti of Roman Britain, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Birley, E., and Birley, M. 1938: ‘Fourth report on excavations at Chesterholm-Vindolanda’, Archaeol. Aeliana 4 15, 222–37Google Scholar
Bishop, M.C. 1985: ‘The military fabrica and the production of arms in the early principate’, in Bishop, M.C. (ed.), The Production and Distribution of Roman Military Equipment, Oxford, 1–42Google Scholar
Bishop, M.C. 1986: ‘The distribution of military equipment within Roman forts of the frst century A.D.’, in Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms III, Stuttgart, 717–23Google Scholar
Bishop, M.C. 1988: ‘Cavalry equipment of the Roman army in the frst century A.D.’, in Coulston, J.C. (ed.), Military Equipment and the Identity of Roman Soldiers, Oxford, 67–195Google Scholar
Bishop, M.C. 1989: ‘O Fortuna: a sideways look at the archaeological record and Roman military equipment’, in van Driel-Murray, C. (ed.), Roman Military Equipment: the Sources of Evidence, Oxford, 1–11Google Scholar
Bishop, M.C. 1997: Finds from Roman Aldborough, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Bishop, M.C., and Coulston, J.C.N. 1993: Roman Military Equipment, LondonGoogle Scholar
Bishop, M.C., and Dore, J.N. 1989: Corbridge: Excavations of the Roman Fort and Town, 1947–80, LondonGoogle Scholar
Boon, G.C. 1966: ‘Roman window glass from Wales’, J Glass Studies 8, 41–5Google Scholar
Boon, G.C. 1982: ‘The coins’, in Manning 1982, 3–15Google Scholar
Boutwood, Y. 1996: ‘Roman fort and vicus, Newton Kyme, North Yorkshire’, Britannia 27, 340–4Google Scholar
Bowman, A.K., and Thomas, J.D. 1987: ‘New texts from Vindolanda’, Britannia 18, 125–42Google Scholar
Brailsford, J.W. 1962: Hod Hill I, LondonGoogle Scholar
Brickstock, R.J., and Casey, P.J. 1994: ‘The coins’, in Cracknell, S. and Mahany, C., Roman Alcester, vol. 1 part 2. Finds from the Excavation in the Southern Suburbs, London, 157–62Google Scholar
Brickstock, R.J., and Casey, P.J. forthcoming: ‘The coins’, in P. Ellis (ed.), Excavations of the Wroxeter Macellum and PorticoGoogle Scholar
Brown, R.A. 1986: ‘The Iron-Age and Romano-British settlement at Woodcock Hall, Saham Toney, Norfolk’, Britannia 17, 1–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckland, P. 1978: ‘A first-century shield from Doncaster, Yorkshire’, Britannia 9, 247–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buikstra, J.E., and Ubelaker, D.H. (eds) 1968: Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains, ArkansasGoogle Scholar
Bulleid, A. 1968: The Lake Villages of Somerset (6 edn), GlastonburyGoogle Scholar
Burl, A. 1991: ‘The Devil's Arrows’, Yorkshire Arch. J. 63, 1–24Google Scholar
Caruana, I. forthcoming: The Roman Forts at Carlisle: Excavations at Annetwell Street 1973–84Google Scholar
Castleden, R. 1992: Neolithic Britain, LondonGoogle Scholar
Challis, A.J., and Harding, D.W. 1975: Later Prehistory from the Trent to the Tyne, BAR Brit. Ser. 20, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Charlesworth, D. 1971: ‘The defences of Isurium Brigantum’, in Butler, R.M. (ed.), Soldier and Civilian in Roman Yorkshire, Leicester, 155–64Google Scholar
Corder, P. 1930: The Defences of the Roman Fort at Malton, MaltonGoogle Scholar
Corder, P. 1956: ‘Parisian ware’, Yorkshire Arch. J. 39, 48–52Google Scholar
Corder, P., and Romans, T. 1937: Excavations at the Roman Town at Brough, E. Yorkshire, HullGoogle Scholar
Coulston, J.C.N. forthcoming: ‘Stone artefacts’, in A. Wilmott (ed.), Birdoswald on Hadrian's Wall: Excavations 1987–91Google Scholar
Crummy, N. 1983: The Roman Small Finds from Excavations in Colchester 1971–9, ColchesterGoogle Scholar
Cunliffe, B.W. 1968: Fifth Report on the Excavations of the Roman Fort at Richborough, Kent, OxfordCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunliffe, B.W. 1971: Excavations at Fishbourne 1961–1969. Volume II, The Finds, LeedsCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curle, J. 1911: A Roman Frontier Post and its People, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Dannell, G.B. 1971: ‘The samian pottery’, in Cunliffe 1971, 260–318Google Scholar
Darling, M. 1985: ‘The other Roman pottery’, in Pitts, L.F. and St Joseph, J.K., Inchtuthil, the Roman Legionary Fortress, London, 328–38Google Scholar
Denholm-Young, N. 1957: The Life of Edward the Second, by the So-Called Monk of Malmesbury, LondonGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, B.M., and Hartley, B.R. 1993: ‘Samian ware’, in Monaghan, J., Pottery from the Fortress: 9 Blake Street York, York, 722–5, 745–69Google Scholar
Driel-Murray, C. van 1986: ‘Leatherwork in the Roman army. Part Two’, Exercitus 2, 23–7Google Scholar
Driel-Murray, C. van 1990: ‘New light on old tents’, J. Roman Mil. Equip. Studies 1, 109–37Google Scholar
Ettlinger, E. 1978: ‘Stempel auf römischer Keramik von der Engehalbinsel Bern’, Jahrb. des Bernischen Hist. Mus. 55–8, 115–28Google Scholar
Evans, D.R., and Metcalf, V.M. 1992: Roman Gates Caerleon, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Fiches, J.-L. et al. 1978: ‘un lot de vases sigillés des premières années du règne de Nèron dans l'un des Ports de Narbonne’, Archeonautica 2, 185–219Google Scholar
Forster, R.H., and Knowles, W.H. 1913: ‘Corstopitum: report on the excavations in 1912’, Archaeol. Aeliana 3 10, 230–80Google Scholar
France, N.E., and Gobel, B.M. 1985: The Romano-British Temple at Harlow, Essex, GloucesterGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1972: Verulamium Excavations I, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1984: Verulamium Excavations III, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1987: Britannia, LondonGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S., and St Joseph, J.K. 1983: Roman Britain from the Air, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S., and Wilkes, J.J. 1989: Strageath. Excavations within the Roman Fort, 1973–86, LondonGoogle Scholar
Garbsch, J. 1986: Mann und Roβ und Wagen, MunichGoogle Scholar
Greene, K. 1993: ‘The fortress coarseware’, in Manning 1993, 3–124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grew, F., and Griffths, N. 1991: ‘The pre-Flavian military belt: the evidence from Britain’, Archaeologia 109, 47–84Google Scholar
GSB unpublished a: A1 Motorway: Walshford to Dishforth, Report No. 93/14Google Scholar
GSB unpublished b: A1 Motorway: Walshford to Dishforth Additional Survey, Report No. 93/31Google Scholar
Hanson, W.S. 1982: ‘Roman military timber buildings: construction and reconstruction’, in McGrail, S. (ed.), Woodworking Techniques before 1500 A.D., Oxford, 169–86Google Scholar
Hanson, W.S. 1987: Agricola and the Conquest of the North, LondonGoogle Scholar
Hanson, W.S., and Campbell, D.B. 1986: ‘The Brigantes: from clientage to conquest’, Britannia 17, 73–89Google Scholar
Hanson, W.S., and Yeoman, P. 1988: Elginhaugh, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Hanson, W.S., Daniels, C.M., Dore, J.N., and Gillam, J.P. 1979: ‘The Agricolan supply-base at Red House, Corbridge’, Archaeol. Aeliana 5 7, 1–97Google Scholar
Harden, D.B., Painter, K.S., Pinder-Wilson, R.H., and Tait, H. 1968: Masterpieces of Glass, LondonGoogle Scholar
Hartley, B.R. 1966: ‘The Roman fort at Ilkley: excavation of 1962’, Proc. Leeds Philos. Lit. Soc. 12, 23–72Google Scholar
Hartley, K.F. 1977: ‘Two major potteries producing mortaria in the frst century A.D.’, in Dore, J. and Greene, K. (eds), Roman Pottery Studies in Britain and Beyond, Oxford, 5–18Google Scholar
Hartley, B.R., and Fitts, R.L. 1988: The Brigantes, GloucesterGoogle Scholar
Haselgrove, C.C., Lowther, P.C., and Turnbull, P. 1990: ‘Stanwick, North Yorkshire, Part 3. Excavations on the earthwork sites 1981–1986’, Archaeol. J. 147, 37–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hattatt, R. 1982: Ancient and Romano-British Brooches, SherborneGoogle Scholar
Hawkes, C.F.C., and Hull, M.R. 1947: Camulodunum, LondonGoogle Scholar
Henderson, J., Janaway, R.C., and Richards, J.R. 1987: ‘Cremation slag: a substance found in funerary urns’, in Boddington, A., Garland, A.N. and Janaway, R.C. (eds), Death, Decay and Reconstruction: Approaches to Archaeology and Forensic Science, Manchester, 81–100Google Scholar
Hermet, F. 1934: La Graufesenque (Condatomago), ParisGoogle Scholar
Heslop, D.H. 1987: The Excavation of an Iron Age Settlement at Thorpe Thewles, Cleveland, 1980–1982, LondonGoogle Scholar
Hird, L. 1977: Report on the Pottery Found in the Pre-Hadrianic Levels at Vindolanda during the Excavations of 1972–1975, Bardon MillGoogle Scholar
Hobley, A.S. 1989: ‘The numismatic evidence of the post-Agricolan abandonment of the Roman frontier in Northern Scotland’, Britannia 20, 69–74Google Scholar
Hogg, R. 1964: ‘Excavation at Tullie House, Carlisle, 1954–56’, Trans. CWAAS ns 64, 14–62Google Scholar
Hogg, R. 1965: ‘Excavation of the Roman auxiliary tilery, Brampton’, Trans. CWAAS ns 65, 133–68Google Scholar
Inman, R., Brown, D.R., Goddard, R.E., and Spratt, D.A. 1985: ‘Roxby Iron Age settlement and the Iron Age in north-east Yorkshire’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 51, 181–214Google Scholar
Jackson, R. 1986: ‘A set of Roman medical instruments from Italy’, Britannia 17, 119–67Google Scholar
Jarvis, R.A., Bendelow, V.C., Bradley, R.I., Carroll, D.M., Furness, R.R., Kilgour, I.N.L., and King, S.J. 1984: Soils and their Use in Northern England, Soil Survey of England and Wales Bulletin No. 10, HarpendenGoogle Scholar
Johns, C.J. 1993: ‘The decorated samian ware’, in Manning 1993, 161–203Google Scholar
Johnson, A. 1983: Roman Forts, LondonGoogle Scholar
Johnson, S. 1978: ‘Excavations at Hayton Roman fort, 1975’, Britannia 9, 57–115Google Scholar
Jones, G.D.B., and Grealey, S. 1974: Roman Manchester, ManchesterGoogle Scholar
Jones, G.D.B., and Shotter, D.C.A. 1988: Roman Lancaster, ManchesterGoogle Scholar
Jones, M.J. 1975: Roman Fort Defences to A.D. 117, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Jones, M.U. 1971: ‘Aldborough, West Riding, 1964: excavations at the south gate and bastion and extramural sites’, Yorks Archaeol. J. 43, 39–78Google Scholar
Kenyon, R. 1987: ‘The Claudian coinage’, in Crummy, N., Colchester Archaeological Report 4: the Coins from the Excavations in Colchester 1971–79, Colchester, 24–41Google Scholar
Knorr, R. 1919: Töpfer und Fabriken verzierter Terra-Sigillata des ersten Jahrhunderts, StuttgartGoogle Scholar
Knorr, R. 1952: Terra-Sigillata-Gefässe des ersten Jahrhunderts mit Töpfernamen, StuttgartGoogle Scholar
Laubenheimer, F. 1979: ‘La collection de céramiques sigillées gallo-romaines estampillées du Musée de Rabat’, Antiquités africaines 13, 99–225Google Scholar
Lloyd-Morgan, G. 1981: Description of the Collections in the Rijksmuseum G.M. Kam at Nijmegen IX: the Mirrors, NijmegenGoogle Scholar
Lockwood, H. 1979: ‘Coarse pottery’, in Potter, T.W., Romans in North-West England, Kendal, 237–68Google Scholar
MacGregor, M. 1976: Early Celtic Art in Northern Britain, LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Mackenson, M. 1978: Das römische Gräberfeld auf der Keckwiese in Kempten, KallmünzGoogle Scholar
McKinley, J.I. 1989: ‘Cremations: expectations, methodologies and realities’, in Roberts, C., Lee, F. and Binliff, J. (eds) 1989: Burial Archaeology: Current Methods and Developments, BAR Brit. Ser. 211, Oxford, 65–76Google Scholar
McKinley, J.I. 1993: ‘Bone fragment size and weights of bone from modern British cremations and the implications for the interpretation of archaeological cremations’, Int. J. Osteoarchaeology 3, 283–7Google Scholar
McKinley, J.I. 1994a: ‘Bone fragment size in British cremation burial and its implications for pyre technology and ritual’, J. Arch. Sci. 21, 339–42Google Scholar
McKinley, J.I. 1994b: The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Spong Hill, North Elmham. Part VIII: The Cremations, East Anglian Archaeology 69, NorwichGoogle Scholar
Manning, W.H. 1981: Report on the Excavations at Usk, 1965–1976: the Fortress Excavations 1968–71, CardiffGoogle Scholar
Manning, W.H. 1982: Report on the Excavations at Usk, 1965–1976: the Coins, Inscriptions and Graffti, CardiffGoogle Scholar
Manning, W.H. 1985: Catalogue of the Romano-British Iron Tools, Fittings and Weapons in the British Museum, LondonGoogle Scholar
Manning, W.H. 1993: Report on the Excavations at Usk 1965–1976: the Roman Pottery, CardiffGoogle Scholar
Maxfield, V. 1986: ‘Pre-Flavian forts and their garrisons’, Britannia 17, 59–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchelson, N. 1964: ‘Roman Malton: the civilian settlement excavations in Orchard Field, 1949–1952’, Yorkshire Archaeol. J. 41, 209–61Google Scholar
Monaghan, J. 1993: Pottery from the Fortress: 9 Blake Street York, The Archaeology of York 16/7Google Scholar
Myers, J.N.L., Steer, K.A., and Chitty, A.H.M. 1959: ‘The defences of Isurium Brigantum (Aldborough)’, Yorks. Archaeol. J. 40, 1–77Google Scholar
Padley, T. 1991: ‘The wooden objects’, in Padley, T.G. and Winterbottom, S., The Wooden, Leather and Bone Objects from Castle Street, Carlisle: Excavations 1981–2, Kendal, 203–7Google Scholar
Padley, T. 1995: Roman and Medieval Carlisle: The Lanes Volume 1. The Roman and Medieval Finds, Fasc. 2, CarlisleGoogle Scholar
Padley, T.G. forthcoming: ‘The wooden objects’, in M.R. McCarthy, Roman Carlisle, The Lanes Volume 2. Excavations at Keay's and Law's Lanes 1979–82Google Scholar
Padley, T.G., and Winterbottom, S. 1991: ‘The wooden, leather, and bone objects from Castle Street Carlisle’, in McCarthy, M.R., Roman Waterlogged Remains and Later Features at Castle Street, Carlisle: Excavations 1981–2, Fasc. 3, CarlisleGoogle Scholar
Philpott, R. 1991: Burial Practices in Roman Britain – A.D. 43–410, BAR Brit. Ser. 219, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Piggott, S. 1950: ‘Swords and scabbards of the British early Iron Age’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 16, 1–28Google Scholar
Planck, D. 1975: Arae Flaviae I, StuttgartGoogle Scholar
Platt, C., and Coleman-Smith, R. 1975: Excavations in Medieval Southampton 1953–1969, LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Price, J. 1991: ‘Decorated mould-blown glass tablewares in the frst century A.D.’, in Newby, M. and Painter, K. (eds), Roman Glass: Two Centuries of Art and Invention, London, 56–75Google Scholar
Price, J., and Cool, H. 1985: ‘Glass’, in Hurst, H., Kingsholm: Excavations at Kingsholm Close and Other Sites, Cambridge, 41–54Google Scholar
Richmond, I.A. 1968: Hod Hill II, LondonGoogle Scholar
Richmond, I.A., and Gillam, J.P. 1953: ‘Buildings of the first and second centuries north of the granaries at Corbridge’, Archaeol. Aeliana 4 31, 205–53Google Scholar
Rigby, V. 1980: ‘Pottery from southern Britain and Gaul’, in Stead, I.M., Rudston Roman Villa, Leeds, 41Google Scholar
Rigby, V., and Stead, I.M. 1976: Baldock, the Excavation of a Roman and Pre-Roman Settlement 1968–1972, LondonGoogle Scholar
Robinson, H.R. 1975: The Armour of Imperial Rome, LondonGoogle Scholar
Rüsch, A. 1981: Das römische Rottweil, StuttgartGoogle Scholar
Schwab, I. 1978: ‘106–114 Borough High Street’, in Bird, J., Graham, A.H., Sheldon, H. and Townend, P. (eds), Southwark Excavations 1972–4, 177–220Google Scholar
Simpson, G. (ed.) 1976: Watermills and Military Works on Hadrian's Wall, KendalGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, C.H.V. 1935: Romano-British Imitations of Bronze Coins of Claudius I, New YorkGoogle Scholar
Taylor, J. 1990: ‘Part 3. The pottery’, in McCarthy, M., A Roman, Anglian and Medieval Site at Blackfriars Street Carlisle, Kendal, 197–301Google Scholar
Taylor, J. 1991: The Roman Pottery from Castle Street, Carlisle, CarlisleGoogle Scholar
Terry, R.P., and Chilingar, G.V. 1955: ‘Summary of “Concerning some additional aids in studying sedimentary formation” by M.S. Shvetsov’, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 25: 3, 229–34Google Scholar
Turner, R.C., Webster, P.V., and Witherington, J.H.S. 1988: ‘Chapter 2: coarse pottery’, in Edwards, B.J.N. and Webster, P.V., Ribchester Excavations. Part 3. Excavations in the Civil Settlement. B. Pottery and Coins, CardiffGoogle Scholar
Tutin, J. 1954: ‘Theory about the Three Arrows’, Yorkshire Life iii: 8, 14Google Scholar
Ulbert, G. 1969a: ‘Gladii aus Pompeji’, Germania 47, 97–128Google Scholar
Ulbert, G. 1969b: Das frührömische Kastell Rheingönheim, BerlinGoogle Scholar
Wacher, J.S. 1969: Excavations at Brough on Humber 1958–61, LondonGoogle Scholar
Wacher, J.S. 1975: The Towns of Roman Britain, LondonGoogle Scholar
Webster, G. 1960: ‘The Roman military advance under Ostorius Scapula’, Arch. J. 105, 49–98Google Scholar
Webster, G. 1979: ‘Final report on the excavations of the Roman fort at Waddon Hill, Stoke Abbott, 1963–69’, Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc. 101, 51–90Google Scholar
Welfare, A.T. 1985: ‘The milling-stones’, in Bidwell, P.T., The Roman Fort of Vindolanda, London, 154–64Google Scholar
Welker, E. 1974: Die römischen Gläser von Nida-Heddernheim, FrankfurtGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, R.E.M. 1954: The Stanwick Fortifcations, LondonGoogle Scholar
Wilmott, T. 1991: Excavations in the Middle Walbrook Valley, City of London, 1927–1960, LondonGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D.R. 1984: ‘Defensive outworks of Roman forts in Britain’, Britannia 15, 51–61Google Scholar
Wrathmell, S., and Nicholson, A. 1990: Dalton Parlours: Iron Age Settlement and Roman Villa, WakefieldGoogle Scholar