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The nature of lexical associations in a foreign language: valence, arousal and concreteness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2024

Clara Planchuelo ,
José Antonio Hinojosa Open the ORCID record for José Antonio Hinojosa [Opens in a new window]  and
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia Open the ORCID record for Jon Andoni Duñabeitia [Opens in a new window]
Clara Planchuelo
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
José Antonio Hinojosa
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia*
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
*
Corresponding author: Jon Andoni Duñabeitia; Email: jdunabeitia@nebrija.es
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Abstract

Recent studies suggest that similarity in emotional features and concreteness are critical cues underlying word association in native speakers. However, the lexical organization of a foreign language is less understood. This study aims to examine the structure of word associations within the mental lexicon of a foreign (English) and a native language. To this end, 145 native Spanish-speakers produced three lexical associates to cue words in both the foreign and native language. We observed that the associates were more neutrally valenced in the foreign language. Moreover, as cue words increased in their arousal, the produced associates were less arousing in the foreign language. Thus, the structure of these lexical associations could account for prior evidence of emotional detachment in foreign languages. Finally, as cues were more abstract, the foreign language associates were more abstract. Our findings revealed that the linguistic context modulated the lexical associations.

Keywords

word associationvalencearousalconcretenessforeign languagesemantic representations
Type
Research Article
Information
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , First View , pp. 1 - 10
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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