Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-68ccn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T14:35:13.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Child Survival in the Third World: A Functional Analysis of Oral Rehydration Therapy Dissemination Campaigns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2014

Yolanda Suarez de Balcazar  and
Fabricio E. Balcazar
Yolanda Suarez de Balcazar*
Affiliation:
Loyola University of Chicago
Fabricio E. Balcazar
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Chicago
*
Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60626, U.S.A.
Get access

Abstract

About 4 million children die every year as a result of dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is designed to prevent dehydration. In the past 10 years, several campaigns have been conducted throughout the world, mostly sponsored by the World Health Organization, to disseminate ORT, particularly in developing countries. This paper presents a review of 14 ORT campaigns categorising their components according to whether the researchers used antecedents, behaviours, and/or consequences. Only three campaigns manipulated all three components. Antecedent events were manipulated in all of the studies. A skills training component appears to influence the effectiveness of the campaign, since several new behaviours and complex discriminations need to be learned for people to use ORT correctly. The benefits of functionally analysing the components of current ORT campaigns are highlighted.

Type
Research Article
Information
Behaviour Change , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , March 1991 , pp. 26 - 34
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abed, F. H. (1983). Household teaching of ORT in rural Bangladesh. Assignment Children, 61/62, 249–265.Google Scholar
Black, R.E. (1985). Communication for improved health services. Development Communication Report. 51 (1-2), pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
Booth, E. M., & Pareja, R. (1985). The measure, the problem: Communications at work in Ecuador. In HealthCom: Communication for Child Survival (pp. 106–109). Agency for International Development. (Contract No. DSPE-C-0023).Google Scholar
Chen, C. (1978). Control of diarrhea disease morbidity and mortality: some strategic issues. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31, 2284–2291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De-Swarat, R., & Ijsselmuiden, C. B. (1989). Knowledge and practice of oral rehydration therapy in a rural village in Gazankulu after the introduction of the Morley spoon. South Africa Medical Journal, 76(9), 506–508.Google Scholar
Fox, K. F. (1988). Social marketing of oral rehydration therapy and contraceptive in Egypt. Studies in Family Planning, 19, 95–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenough, W. B. (1983). The international Center for Diarrhoea Disease Research, Bangladesh. Assignment Children, 61, 295–299.Google Scholar
Hirschhorn, N., Cash, R. A., Woodward, W. E., & Spivey, G. H. (1972). Oral fluid therapy of apache children with acute infectious diarrhea. Lancet, 2, 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hornik, R., & Sankar, P. (1986). Communication for diarrhea disease control: Swaziland program evaluation. In HealthCom: Communication for Child Survival, Agency for International Development. (Contract No. DPE-1018 C-00-5063-00). Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ittiravivongs, A., Masdoeki, R. S., & Paltara, A. J. (1989). Knowledge of diarrhea and socioeconomic factors in relation to the use of oral rehydration therapy in Samut, Songkhram Province, Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 20, 215–219.Google Scholar
Jinadu, M. K., Olusi, S. O., Alade, O. M., & Ominiyi, C. L. (1988). Effectiveness of primary health-care nurses in the promotion of oral rehydration therapy in a rural area of Nigeria. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 25(3), 185–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, V., & Kumar, R. (1989). Impact of oral rehydration therapy on maternal beliefs and practices related to acute diarrhea. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 56, 219–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahler, H. (1975). Health — a demystification of medical technology. Lancet, II, 829–833.Google Scholar
Mata, L. (1981). Epidemiologic perspective of diarrheal disease in Costa Rica and current efforts in control, prevention, and research. Review of Latin American Microbiology, 23, 109–119.Google ScholarPubMed
Mata, L. (1983). The evolution of diarrheal diseases and malnutrition in Costa-Rica. Assignment Children, 61/62, 195–224.Google Scholar
Merson, H. M. (1986). Tackling diarrhea on a world scale. World Health: The magazine of the World Health Organization, 04/86, 2–3.Google Scholar
Pugh, A. (1989). Oral rehydration therapy in Zimbabwe. South Africa Medical Journal, 76(9), 511–512.Google ScholarPubMed
Rahaman, M. M., Aziz, K. M., Patwari, Y., & Munshi, M. H. (1979). Diarrhea mortality in two Bangladeshi villages with and without community-based oral rehydration therapy. Lancet, II, 809–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasmuson, M. (1985). Report on the 1982 ‘Happy Baby Lottery.’Health Communication for child survival: Field Notes (Contract No. DSPE-C-0023, pp. 39–15).Google Scholar
Rasmuson, M., & Booth, E. M. (1985). The role of formative evaluation in the mass media and health practices project. In Health Com-Communication for child survival: Field Notes. (Contract No. DSPE-C-0023, pp. 84–91). Washington, D.C.: AID.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. M., & Shoemaker, F.F. (1971). Communication of innovations: A cross-cultural approach. London: Free Press.Google Scholar
Sack, R. B., Pierce, F. N., & Hirschhorn, N. (1978). The current status of oral therapy in the treatment of acute diarrhea illness. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31, 2251–2257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sedgwick, J. R., & Cutting, W. A. (1976). Oral rehydration in rural India. Lancet, 1, 1194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seekins, T., & Fawcett, S. B. (1984). Planned diffusion of social technologies for community groups. In Paine, S. C., Bellamy, G. T., & Wilcox, B. (Eds.), Human services that work: From innovation to standard practice (pp. 247–260). Baltimore, MD: Paul. H. Brookes Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Smith, W. A., & Pareja, R. (1985). Packets: Do visual instructions make a difference? In Health Com-Communication for child survival: Field Notes (Contract No. DSPE-C-0023, pp. 5–7). Washington, DC: Agency for International Development.Google Scholar
Smith, W. A., Pareja, R., Booth, E., & Rasmuson, M. (1984). Health communication for ORT in Honduras. Assignment Children, 65/68, 57–93.Google Scholar
Smith, W. A., Pareja, R., Booth, E., & Touchette, P. (1985). Behavioral analysis applied to health communication. In HealthCom-Communication for child survival: Field Notes (Contract No. DSPE-C-0023, pp. 11–31). Washington, DC: Agency for International Development.Google Scholar
Stolz, S. B. (1986, 08). A future role for behavior analysis: A view from afar. Presidential Address, Division of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Suprapto, M.Soenarto, J., Bachtin, M., Sutaryo, S., & Rohde, J. (1975). Oral sucrose therapy for diarrhoea. Lancet, II, 323.Google Scholar
United Nations Children's Fund. (1983). The management of diarrhoea and use of oral rehydration therapy: A joint WHO/Unicef Statement. Assignment Children, 61/62, 77–91.Google Scholar