Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-24T08:54:20.562Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The psychology of intergroup relations was grounded in intragroup processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2024

R. Matthew Montoya Open the ORCID record for R. Matthew Montoya [Opens in a new window]  and
Brad Pinter
R. Matthew Montoya*
Affiliation:
Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia matthew.montoya@murdoch.edu.au
Brad Pinter
Affiliation:
The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona, PA, USA tbp1@psu.edu
*
*Corresponding author.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Although Glowacki proposed that peace developed from the relatively recent advent of intergroup norms and tolerance for out-group members, we submit that (a) positive intergroup relations developed from a psychology grounded in the regulation of intragroup relations, (b) the “default” intergroup orientation is uncertainty, and (c) positive intergroup relations likely existed early in our evolutionary history.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 47 , 2024 , e21
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, R. D., & Noonan, K. M. (1979). Concealment of ovulation, paternal care, and human social evolution. In Chagnon, N. A. & Irons, W. (Eds.), Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective (pp. 436–453). Duxbury Press.Google Scholar
Aureli, F., Schaffner, C. M., Boesch, C., Bearder, S. K., Call, J., Chapman, C. A., … van Schaik, C. P. (2008). Fission–fusion dynamics: New research frameworks. Current Anthropology, 49(4), 627–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belisle, P., & Chapais, B. (2001). Tolerated co-feeding in relation to degree of kinship in Japanese macaques. Behaviour, 138, 487–509. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853901750382124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigelow, R. S. (1969). The Dawn warriors: Man's evolution toward peace. Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Bornstein, G., Crum, L., Wittenbraker, J., Harring, K., Insko, C. A., & Thibaut, J. (1983). On the measurement of social orientations in the minimal group paradigm. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13(4), 321–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420130402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, M. B. (1999). The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love or outgroup hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55(3), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, M. B., & Campbell, D. T. (1976). Ethnocentrism and intergroup attitudes: East African evidence. Sage.Google Scholar
Chapais, B. (2008). Primeval kinship: How pair-bonding gave birth to human society. Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. John Murray.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. Appleton.Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. M., & Shultz, S. (2007). Evolution in the social brain. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5843), 1344–1347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaertner, L., & Insko, C. A. (2001). On the measurement of social orientations in the minimal group paradigm: Norms as moderators of the expression of intergroup bias. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(2), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grabowski, M. (2016). Bigger brains led to bigger bodies?: The correlated evolution of human brain and body size. Current Anthropology, 57(2), 174–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grueter, C. C., Chapais, B., & Zinner, D. (2012). Evolution of multilevel social systems in nonhuman primates and humans. International Journal of Primatology, 33(5), 1002–1037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9618-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, W. D. (1975). Innate social aptitudes of man: An approach from evolutionary genetics. In Fox, R. (Ed.), Biosocial anthropology (pp. 133–153). Malaby Press.Google Scholar
Hill, K., & Hurtado, A. M. (2009). Cooperative breeding in south American hunter–gatherers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 276, 3863–3870. http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1061CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Humphrey, N. K. (1976). The social function of intellect. In Bareson, P. P. O. & Hinde, R. A. (Eds.), Growing points in ethology (pp. 303–317). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Insko, C. A., Kirchner, J. L., Pinter, B., Efaw, J., & Wildschut, T. (2005). Interindividual-intergroup discontinuity as a function of trust and categorization: The paradox of expected cooperation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(2), 365–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.2.365CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isler, K., & Van Schaik, C. P. (2006). Metabolic costs of brain size evolution. Biology Letters, 2(4), 557–560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jetten, J., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1996). Intergroup norms and intergroup discrimination: Distinctive self-categorization and social identity effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(6), 1222–1233. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1222CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knauft, B. M., Abler, T. S., Betzig, L., Boehm, C., Dentan, R. K., Kiefer, T. M., … Rodseth, L. (1991). Violence and sociality in human evolution. Current Anthropology, 32(4), 391–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korchmaros, J. D., & Kenny, D. A. (2001). Emotional closeness as a mediator of the effect of genetic relatedness on altruism. Psychological Science, 12(3), 262–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00348CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, D. (2009). Rethinking the Taiwanese minor marriage data: Evidence the mind uses multiple kinship cues to regulate inbreeding avoidance. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30(3), 153–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, D., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2007). The architecture of human kin detection. Nature, 445(7129), 727–731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loehle, C. (1995). Social barriers to pathogen transmission in wild animal populations. Ecology, 76(2), 326–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luce, R. D., & Raiffa, H. (1957). Games and decisions: Introduction and critical survey. Wiley.Google Scholar
Montoya, R. M., & Pinter, B. (2016). A model for understanding positive intergroup relations using the in-group-favoring norm. Journal of Social Issues, 72(3), 584–600. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montoya, R. M., & Pittinsky, T. (2013). Individual variability in adherence to the norm of group interest predicts outgroup bias. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 16, 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430212450523CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mummendey, A., Simon, B., Dietze, C., Grünert, M., Haeger, G., Kessler, S., … Schäferhoff, S. (1992). Categorization is not enough: Intergroup discrimination in negative outcome allocation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28(2), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(92)90035-ICrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schopler, J., Insko, C. A., Drigotas, S. M., Wieselquist, J., Pemberton, M. B., & Cox, C. (1995). The role of identifiability in the reduction of interindividual-intergroup discontinuity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31(6), 553–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schopler, J., Insko, C. A., Graetz, K., Drigotas, S. M., Smith, V., & Dahl, K. (1993). Individual-group discontinuity: Further evidence for mediation by fear and greed. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 419–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167293194007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223(5), 96–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420010202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Worchel, S. & Austin, W. (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7–24). NelsonHall.Google Scholar
Van Schaik, C. P., Triki, Z., Bshary, R., & Heldstab, S. A. (2021). A farewell to the encephalization quotient: A new brain size measure for comparative primate cognition. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 96, 1–12. doi:10.1159/000517013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wildschut, T., Insko, C. A., & Gaertner, L. (2002). Intragroup social influence and intergroup competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 975–992. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.975CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wildschut, T., Pinter, B., Vevea, J. L., Insko, C. A., & Schopler, J. (2003). Beyond the group mind: A quantitative review of the interindividual-intergroup discontinuity effect. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 698–722. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.698CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1973). Group selection and its significance for ecology. Bioscience, 23(11), 631–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WoldeGabriel, G., Ambrose, S. H., Barboni, D., Bonnefille, R., Bremond, L., Currie, B., … White, T. D. (2009). The geological, isotopic, botanical, invertebrate, and lower vertebrate surroundings of Ardipithecus ramidus. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5949), 65e1-5. doi:10.1126/science.1175817CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Workman, P. L., & Niswander, J. D. (1970). Population studies on southwestern Indian tribes. II. Local genetic differentiation in the Papago. American Journal of Human Genetics, 22(1), 24–49.Google ScholarPubMed