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Revolution, War, and Cholera in 1848–49: The Case of Hungary

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2024

Csaba Fazekas Open the ORCID record for Csaba Fazekas [Opens in a new window]
Csaba Fazekas*
Affiliation:
University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
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Email: fazekas@uni-miskolc.hu
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Abstract

This paper investigates the events and lessons from the 1848–49 cholera epidemic in Hungary. For contemporaries, the ongoing revolution and civil war pushed the devastation of the cholera epidemic into the background, even though the death rate was similar to that of the earlier 1831 infection. The epidemic hit the country in a period when the revolutionary Hungarian state was waging a war of self-defense. This article strives to refute the historiographic view that the movements of the different armies had a considerable influence on the development of the epidemic. Instead, this article argues that the cholera epidemic was a demographic crisis unfolding in the background of war, but for the most part independently of it. It mattered that most people of that time had already directly experienced cholera and that the Hungarian government did not want to cause panic with restrictive measures. In 1848, cholera was not a “mobilizing factor,” but in 1849 it contributed to the demoralization of the hinterland and frequently appeared in the political propaganda of the civil war.

Keywords

choleraepidemicsrevolutionwar of independence1848–49Hungaryprotection against cholerasocial reactionsepidemic and politics
Type
Article
Information
Austrian History Yearbook , First View , pp. 1 - 18
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Regents of the University of Minnesota.

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121 Rapport, 1848: Year of Revolution, 270.

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124 Freifeld, Nationalism and the crowd, 36, 78.

125 Rapport, 1848: Year of Revolution, 274.

126 Deak, The Lawful Revolution, 86; Rapport, 1848: Year of Revolution, 172–74.

127 Evans, “Epidemics and Revolutions,” 140–41.

128 See above, note 35.

129 Stolberg, “Public Health and Popular Resistance,” 259, 276.

130 Briggs, Cholera and Society, 85; Hamlin, Cholera, 55.

131 Cohn, “Cholera revolts,” 168.

132 Evans, “Epidemics and Revolutions,” 135.

133 Gál, “Kolera a forradalom idején,” 150–51.

134 Rapport, 1848: Year of Revolution, 388.

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136 Briggs, “Cholera and Society,” 86; Snowden, Epidemics and Society, 194.

137 Kósa, “The Age of Emergent Bourgeois Society,” 63–64.

138 Briese, Angst in den Zeiten der Cholera, 204.

139 Deak, The Lawful Revolution, 305, 318.