Definitions are suggested of the nature and role of the special library, and reasons outlined for the need for international cooperation. In particular it is suggested that the heterogeneous formats and wide subject fields embraced in art literature inevitably compel libraries to seek co-operation. Parallel developments in the field of music literature are mentioned. In conclusion the moves towards art library co-operation started in 1976 are seen as exemplifying the dual role that special libraries can play both through subject expertise and by virtue of their contribution to international librarianship.

Acknowledgements are due to Trevor Fawcett, University of East Anglia Library, who kindly allowed the writer to draw on material published in a report presented to the British Library, Research and Development Department, and also from certain articles written by him.