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James Paine junior: an unbuilt architect

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2016

Peter Leach
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Extract

Obscure sons of famous fathers are a common enough feature of artistic as of other walks of life but it is equally a natural response to seek some specific explanation for this relative failure in the face of the advantages bestowed by parental instruction, example, standing and contacts. James Paine junior (1745-1829), the only son of the architect whom Thomas Hardwick described as having ‘divided the practice of the profession’ with Sir Robert Taylor ‘till Mr. Robert Adam entered the lists’, is a typical case, with only a single executed architectural commission which can be credited unambiguously to his name.

Type
Section 5: Contributions to Architectural Biography
Information
Architectural History , Volume 27: Design and Practice in British Architecture , 1984 , pp. 392 - 405
Copyright
Copyright © Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain 1984

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References

Notes

1 Colvin, H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600-1840 (1978), pp. 612-13.Google Scholar

2 Sir William Chambers, A Treatise on the Decorative Part of Civil Architecture (ed. Gwilt, J. 1825), pp. xlviii-xlix.Google Scholar

3 Royal Academy, Ozias Humphrey Papers HU 2/132, Joshua Green to Ozias Humphrey March 1783.

4 Ibid., HU 1/112, Ozias Humphrey to Charlotte Paine 1771 (draft).

5 Messrs Coutts & Co. Ledgers 59-79, 1773-83.

6 The Farington Diary (ed. Grieg, J. London 1924) v, 263.Google Scholar

7 PCC Liverpool 438, Will ofjames Paine junior, 18 December 1821.

8 West Riding Deeds Registry. MM 694/985 Lease and Release 1 and 2 May 1740; 00 87/131 Memorandum 2 June 1740.

9 Leach, P. ‘The Life and Work ofjames Paine’, Oxford University D.Phil. thesis 1975, p. 63.Google Scholar

10 PCC Bishop 260, Will ofjames Paine, 7 February 1786.?

Brayley, E. W. A Topographical History of Surrey (ed. Welford, E. n.d.) n, 25.Google Scholar

12 Royal Academy, Ozias Humphrey Papers HU 6/26, James Painejunior to Ozias Humphrey 21 February 1804.

13 Borthwick Institute, York, Archbishop’s Transcript for the Parish of Pontefract, 174$.

14 Leach, op. cit., p. 15.

15 Pyne, W. H. Wine and Walnuts (2nd edn, 1824) 1, 177.Google Scholar

16 Royal Academy, Exhibition Catalogues of the Society of Artists of Great Britain.

17 Paine, J. Plans, Elevations and Sections of Noblemen and Gentlemen's Houses, 11 (1783), 6-8.Google Scholar

18 Essex Record Office, Petre MSS D/DP A58, Accounts relating to the building of Thorndon Hall.

19 Paine, op. cit., 1(1767), List of Subscribers.

20 A. Palladio, I quattro libri dell’architettura (fascimile edition, Venice 1768). Presentation copy from Consul Joseph Smith tojames Painejunior, 1769. 1 am grateful to Mrjohn Harris for this information.

21 Paine, op. cit., 1, ii.

22 Society of Artists Exhibition Catalogues (see n. 16).

23 Ibid.

24 Graves, A. The Society of Artists of Great Britain. A Complete Dictionary of Contributors (1907), p. 187.Google Scholar

25 Bristol Cathedral, monument to William Powell, d. 1769, signed and dated 1771; Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings, D1548-51, designs for funerary monuments, James Painejunior; Colvin, op. cit., pp. 612-13.

26 Victoria and Albert Museum, Department ofPrints and Drawings, D1545-46, designs for chimney-pieces for the saloon at Brocket Hall, James Painejunior 1772-73; Bodleian Library, Paine, op. cit., 11, 16, MS note; Paine, op. cit., 11, 15-17.

27 British Library, Add. MS 31323 AAA, ‘Principal Elevation of a Villa Erected at Mill Hill Middlesex for Peter Hammond Esq': James Painej'. Arch':’.

28 Victoria County History of Middlesex, ed. Baker, T. F. T. v (1976), 22.Google Scholar

29 Paine, op. cit., 1, 4-5, pis 15-25.

30 Watkin, D. Thomas Hope 1769-1831 and the Neo-Classical Idea (1968), p. 247.Google Scholar

31 Paine, op. cit., 1, ii.

32 For the works mentioned in this paragraph see Paine, op. cit., 1, 10-11, pis 41-46; 11, 20-21, pis 64-67; 11, 31, pis 91-92.

33 See the letter cited in n. 4.

34 See the addresses given in the Society of Artists Exhibition Catalogues.

35 Westminster Public Library, St Martin-in-the-Fields Parish Register xl (1770-74), 364.

36 Messrs Coutts & Co, Ledgers 48-61, 1767-74; Paine, op. cit., 1, List of Subscribers.

37 Royal Academy, Ozias Humphrey Papers HU 1/144, Joshua Green to Ozias Humphrey 1 September 1773; HU 1/146, Alex Day to Ozias Humphrey 23 December 1773.

38 Ibid., HU 2/28, Ozias Humphrey to Mrs Bouverie 1775 (draft); Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings, D1544, design for a chimney-piece, James Painejunior 1775.

39 Royal Academy, Ozias Humphrey Papers HU 2/47, Joshua Green to Ozias Humphrey 10 December 1776. The ‘little Elegant House’ was in Charlotte Street (Royal Academy, Exhibition Catalogues of the Society of Artists of Great Britain).

40 In 1775 Paine designed a chimney-piece for a house called The Grove at Brading in the Isle of Wight which was bought at about this time by a Daniel Collins of Portsmouth (Victoria and Albert Museum, Department ofPrints and Drawings, D1544; Isle of Wight Record Office, Deeds relating to The Grove) but the house has long been demolished and it is not known whether the chimney-piece was executed. The house was rebuilt in the eighteenth century (Victoria County History of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, ed. W. Page, v (1912), 163) and so it is possible that Paine was responsible for more extensive work, but in the absence of any visual record of the building this remains the most insubstantial of speculations.

41 Victoria and Albert Museum, Department ofPrints and Drawings, Di 541-42, designs for chimney-pieces at Ugbrooke, James Painejunior 1776-77.

42 Rowan, A.J. ‘Ugbrooke Park, Devon’, Country Life, xclii(1967), 138-41, 203-07, 266-69, 790-93.Google Scholar

43 British Library, Add. MS 31323 L, M, N, designs for a stable block and for an elevation at Ugbrooke, James Painejunior 1779.

44 Messrs Coutts & Co., Ledger 48, 1767-68. It has been suggested (Rowan, loc. cit., p. 205) that the elder Paine may have been responsible for one of the preliminary designs for Ugbrooke, of the early 1760s, but the drawing in question accords with neither his draughtsmanship nor his architectural style.

45 Graves, A. The Royal Academy of Arts. A Complete Dictionary of Contributors (1906), vi, 42 Google Scholar; Victoria and Albert Museum, Department ofPrints and Drawings, 9154, design for a National Memorial Temple.

46 At the Society of Artists. See the Society’s Exhibition Catalogues now in the possession of the Royal Academy.

47 The Register of Marriages of St Mary le Bone Middlesex, 1775-83, ed. W. B. and Bannerman, R. R. B. (Harleian Society, li, 1921), p. 20.Google Scholar Milner, J. D. ‘Tilly Kettle, 1735-1786’, Walpole Society, xv (1926-27), 47-103.Google Scholar

48 Westminster Public Library, Ratebooks, St George’s Hanover Square 1780-83.

49 By J. D. Milner, see n. 47 above.

50 Victoria and Albert Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings, D1543, design for a chimney-piece for Mr Kettle’s, James Paine junior 1780.

51 Tallis, J. London Street Views (facsimile edition, London 1969)Google Scholar, part 7.

52 See the letter cited in n. 3 above.

53 British Museum, Department ofPrints and Drawings, Proof of Engraving, perspective view of Kew Bridge, James Paine junior 1792.

54 British Library, Add. Charter 16155, contract for building Kew Bridge 1784.

55 Leach, op. cit., pp. 65-66.

56 Graves, A. The Royal Academy of Arts. A Complete Dictionary of Contributors (1906), vi, 42.Google Scholar

57 Palladio, A. The Four Books of Architecture (ed. 1. Ware, 1738)Google Scholar, hi, pis 7 and 11.

58 Victoria and Albert Museum, Department ofPrints and Drawings, D213, design for a bridge across Lough Foyle, James Painejunior 1788.

59 Rowan, A.J. The Buildings of Ireland, North-West Ulster (1979), pp. 365-66.Google Scholar

60 Ibid., p. 368.

61 Hatfield House, Salisbury MSS, designs for building on the Earl/Marquess of Salisbury’s estate at Millbank, James Painejunior 1787—89.

62 Guildhall, London, Guildhall MSS, articles of agreement between the Earl of Salisbury and James Paine for rebuilding Salisbury Street, 1765.

63 Horwood, J. Plan of London, Westminster and Southwark (1792-99).Google Scholar

64 Hatfield House, Salisbury MSS, ‘Plan for building on the Earl of Salisbury’s Estate on Milbank James Paine junr Arch': 1787’.

65 Ibid., memorandum ofLord Salisbury’s land at Millbank, 1787.

66 Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage (105th edition, 1970) p. 2364.

67 Hatfield House, Salisbury MSS, designs for building on the Marquess of Salisbury’s estate at Millbank, James Paines junior, nos 2 and 3.

68 Westminster Public Library, Grosvenor Board Minutes 14 August 1789. I am grateful to Mr Frank Kelsall for this information.

69 Hatfield House, Salisbury MSS, designs for building on the Marquess of Salisbury’s estate at Millbank, James Painejunior, nos 6—8.

70 The World, 15 August 1787, p. 2; 18 August 1787, p. 2. I am grateful to Mr Frank Kelsall for these references.

71 Westminster Public Library, Grosvenor Board Minutes 1796. I am grateful to Mr Frank Kelsall for this information.

72 Hatfield House, Salisbury MSS, designs for building on the Marquess of Salisbury’s estate at Millbank, James Painejunior, nos 2, 4 and 9.

73 The phrase used in the letter cited in n. 39.

74 Victoria and Albert Museum, Department ofPrints and Drawings, 8520.10, design for a monument to Lord Nelson, James Painejunior.

75 Foster, J. Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire (1874), 1.Google Scholar It has been suggested that Paine may also have been involved in the design of Bridgford Hill in Nottinghamshire, built in 1792 for another cousin, the Revd Thomas Beaumont (N. Pevsner and E. Williamson, The Buildings of England, Nottinghamshire (2nd edn, 1979), p. 113) but the house bears no relation to his style.

76 Britton, J. and Brayley, E. W. The Beauties of England and Wales, vi (1803), 97-98.Google Scholar

77 Polwhele, R. The History of Devonshire, 11 (1793), 161-62.Google Scholar

78 Quoted in Pevsner, N. The Buildings of England, South Devon (1952), p. 224.Google Scholar

79 According to Britton and Brayley, see n. 76 above.

80 Polwhele, loc. cit. n. 77 above.

81 Britton and Brayley.

82 The bridge is not referred to in a description of 1803 which does mention the other garden buildings erected by Swete (W. Hyett, A Description of the Watering-Places on the South-East Coast of Devon (Exeter, 1803), p. 17) and the portico is not shown in a watercolour by Swete of the house in the new landscape (Devon Record Office, Notebooks of the Revdjohn Swete. I am grateful to Mrs Bridget Cherry for this information).

83 As mentioned in his Will, see n. 7 above.

84 The Farington Diary (ed. Grieg, J. 1924), 11, 286.Google Scholar

85 Ibid., 11, 123.

86 Harris, J. Sir William Chambers (1970), p. 15.Google Scholar

87 Robinson, J. M. The Wyatts (1979), pp. 122-23.Google Scholar