Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-7tdvq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-16T13:37:14.923Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Development in story writing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2008

Aviva Freedman*
Affiliation:
Carleton University
*
Aviva Freedman, Linguistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6

Abstract

This study describes development in the realization of story structure in the written productions of schoolchildren at three grade levels (5, 8, and 12) when writing in two different modes: true stories and invented. The scripts analysed were randomly selected from the compositions produced by the entire population of the three grade levels in one Canadian Board (7,500 students). The instrument of analysis was based on the story grammar developed by Stein and Glenn (1979). The analysis revealed: (a) there is development by age in the degree of realization of an “ideal form” of story schema, that is, one involving some setting information plus one complete episode; (b) the rate of development differs depending on whether stories are true or invented; (c) patterns of such development are complex and cannot be represented by a steady curve upward.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Applebee, A. N. (1978). The child's concept of story. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bartlett, E. J. (1979). Learning to tell a story. Paper presented at Canadian Council of Teachers of English annual conference, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Bereiter, C., & Scardamalia, M. (1981). From conversation to composition: The role of instruction in a developmental process. In Glaser, R. (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology (Vol. 2). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Botvin, G. J., & Sutton-Smith, B. (1977). The development of structural complexity in children's fantasy narratives. Developmental Psychology, 13, 377388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britton, J., Burgess, T., Martin, N., McLeod, A., & Rosen, N. (1975). The development of writing abilities (pp. 1118). London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Chafe, W. (Ed.). (1981). The pear stories. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Freedman, A., & Pringle, I. (1984). Why students can't write arguments. English in Education, 18 (Summer), 7384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenn, C. G., & Stein, N. (1980). Syntactic structures and real world themes in stories generaled by children (Technical Report). Urbana: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading.Google Scholar
Graves, D. H. (1983). Writing. Exeter: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Heath, S. B. (1983). Ways with words: Language, life, and work in communities and classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, K. W. (1970). Syntactic maturity in school children and adults (Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development). Chicago. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kaplan, R. B. (1966). Cultural thought patterns in inter-cultural education. Language Learning, 16, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (1972). Language in the inner city. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Labov, W., & Waletzsky, J. (1967). Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. In Helm, J. (Ed.), Essays on the verbal and visual arts. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Loban, W. D. (1976). Language development: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.Google Scholar
Mandler, J. M., & Johnson, N. S. (1977). Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 111151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. (1980). Rhetorical maturity: Definition and development. In Freedman, A. & Pringle, I. (Eds.), Reinventing the rhetorical tradition. Conway, AR: Las Books.Google Scholar
Nie, N. H., Hull, C. H., Jenkins, J. G., Steinbrenner, K., & Bent, D. H. (1975). Statistical package for the social sciences (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Peterson, C., & McCabe, A. (1983). Developmental psycholinguistics. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pringle, I., & Freedman, A. (1979). The writing abilities of grade seven and eight students. Report prepared for the Carleton Board of Education.Google Scholar
Pringle, I., (1980). An analysis of the syntactic maturity and writing skills of grade five, eight, and twelve student writers. Report prepared for the Carleton School Board.Google Scholar
Pringle, I., (1985). A comparative study of writing abilities in two modes at the grade 5, 8, and 12 levels. Report prepared for the Ontario Ministry of Education.Google Scholar
Propp, V. (1968). Morphology of the folktale. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Rumelhart, D. E. (1975). Notes on a schema for stories. In Brown, D. G. & Collins, A. (Eds.), Representation and understanding: Studies in cognitive science. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rumelhart, D. E. (1977). Understanding and summarizing brief stories. In La Borge, D. & Samuels, S. A. (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Perception and comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schank, R., & Abelson, R. P. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Stein, N. L., & Glenn, C. L. (1979). An analysis of story comprehension in elementary school children. In Freedle, R. (Ed.), New directions in discourse processing (Vol. 2). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Thorndyke, P. W. (1977). Cognitive structures in comprehension and memory of narrative discourse. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 77110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, A., Barnsley, G., Hanna, P., & Swan, M. (1980). Assessing language development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, J. M. (1984). Cognitive development, critical thinking and the teaching of writing. Paper delivered at the Conference on Writing, Meaning and Higher Order Reasoning, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar